Table 3.

Multivariate Regressions for Any Heath Spending/OOP and Amount of Payment by Health Insurance Status

	Any Health Expenditures		Any OOP		Total Expenditure if Any		OOP Share if Any
	Odds Ratios	p-Value	Odds Ratios	p-Value	Coefficient	p-Value	Coefficient	p-Value
Model 1: uninsured population
Race/ethnicity
Whites	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Latinos	0.61	.00	0.59	.00	−0.30	.00	−0.01	.50
Citizenship/years in the United States
U.S.-born	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Naturalized citizens
≤10 years	0.77	.24	0.77	.22	0.11	.55	0.06	.07
>10 years	1.03	.78	1.06	.59	−0.02	.83	0.04	.04
Noncitizen
≤10 years	0.93	.38	0.93	.38	−0.03	.71	0.03	.12
>10 years	1.00	.97	1.01	.92	−0.13	.08	0.06	.00
Model 2: privately-insured population
Race/ethnicity
Whites	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Latinos	0.60	.00	0.64	.00	−0.26	.00	0.00	.45
Citizenship/years in the United States
U.S.-born	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Naturalized citizens
<10 years	0.76	.17	0.65	.04	−0.09	.01	0.00	.86
≥10 years	1.03	.76	1.01	.91	−0.06	.58	0.00	.54
Noncitizen
≤10 years	0.78	.02	0.78	.01	−0.07	.29	0.02	.14
>10 years	0.75	.00	0.80	.01	−0.13	.01	0.00	.73
Model 3: Population with public insurance only
Race/ethnicity
Whites	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Latinos	0.59	.00	0.61	.00	−0.26	.00	−0.01	.54
Citizenship/years in the United States
U.S.-born	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Naturalized citizens
<10 years	1.36	.52	1.85	.04	−0.19	.03	−0.05	.18
≥10 years	1.12	.59	0.99	.96	0.14	.41	0.02	.24
Noncitizen
≤10 years	0.73	.09	0.57	.00	−0.34	.00	0.03	.29
>10 years	0.74	.06	0.77	.04	−0.36	.00	0.02	.43

Notes. Data sources: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey and National Health Interview Survey (2000–2007).

All explantory variables in each model are excluded for brevity, but they are available from the authors.

OOP, out-of-pocket expenditures.