Table 1.

Variable Definitions

Variable	Definition
Dependent variable
Household assets per capita †	ln (monetary value of goods and livestock owned by the household in CFA/size) Goods: plow, bicycle, radio, television, and telephone
	Livestock: poultry, sheep, goat, cattle, donkey, pig, and horse
Household characteristics
Insurance	Number of individuals insured in the household
Chronic‡	Any member in the household having a chronic illness. 1 = yes; 0 otherwise*
Size	Number of individuals in the household
Age	Age of household head in years
Ethnicity	Ethnicity of the household head. 1 = Bwaba*; 2 = Dafing; 3 = Mossi; 4 = Peulh; 5 = Samo
Gender	Gender of the household head. 1 if male; 0 otherwise*
Occupation	Occupation of the household head. 1 = Agriculture/livestock; 0 otherwise*
Education	Education level of the household head. 1 = can read/write; 0 otherwise*
Eligibility	Household eligible for insurance. 1 = yes; 0 otherwise*
Subsidy	Household eligible for premium subsidy. 1 = yes; 0 otherwise*
Village characteristic
VillageCluster	1 = villages offered insurance since 2004; 2 = villages offered insurance since 2005; 3 = villages offered insurance since 2006
Literacy	Proportion of individuals who can read/write in the village
Distance	Average distance to the nearest health facility in kilometers
Health facility	Nearest health facility from the village. 1 = Bourasso*; 2 = Dara; 3 = Goni; 4 = Koro; 5 = Lekuy; 6 = Nouna; 7 = Toni
Water	Main source of water in the village. 1 = running water*; 2 = well; 3 = river/lake/pond
Town	Location of households. 1 = Nouna town; 0 otherwise*
Time shock
Year	4 = 2004*, 5 = 2005, 6 = 2006, and 7 = 2007

^*Reference category.

^†Value of assets at the end of the insurance period (lead variable).

^‡Chronic illness was defined as any illness lasting for at least 3 months at the time of the survey.