Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and their relations with some awareness and knowledge variables.
| Variables | n | Oral cancer awareness (n = 413; 68.6%) | Oral cancer screening (n = 120; 19.9%) | Tobacco as risk factor (n = 539; 89.5%) | Alcohol as risk factor (n = 381; 63.2%) | Ulcer as sign (n = 542; 90%) | Red/white patch as sign (n = 318; 52.8%) | Swelling as sign (n = 541; 89.9%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 221 | 143 (64.7) | 48 (21.7) | 206 (93.2) | 145 (65.6) | 193 (87.3) | 112 (50.7) | 191 (86.4) |
| Female | 381 | 270 (70.9) | 72 (18.9) | 333 (87.4) | 236 (61.9) | 349 (91.6) | 206 (54) | 350 (91.9) |
| P | 0.116 | 0.404 | 0.080 | 0.108 | 0.225 | 0.139 | 0.096 | |
| Age | ||||||||
| <49 years | 298 | 198 (66.4) | 52 (17.4) | 274 (91.9) | 186 (62.4) | 266 (89.2) | 148 (49.7) | 269 (90.3) |
| ≥49 years | 304 | 215 (70.7) | 68 (22.4) | 265 (87.2) | 195 (64.1) | 276 (90.8) | 170 (55.9) | 272 (89.5) |
| P | 0.258 | 0.131 | 0.117 | 0.275 | 0.050 | 0.305 | 0.518 | |
| Professional class | ||||||||
| I/II | 56 | 43 (76.8) | 13 (23.2) | 52 (92.9) | 30 (53.6) | 51 (91.1) | 35 (62.5) | 53 (94.6) |
| III | 51 | 34 (66.6) | 11 (21.6) | 47 (92.2) | 31 (60.8) | 47 (92) | 26 (50.9) | 48 (94.1) |
| IV | 188 | 124 (65.9) | 30 (15.9) | 167 (88.8) | 119 (63.3) | 166 (88.3) | 97 (51.6) | 170 (90.4) |
| V | 307 | 212 (69.1) | 66 (21.5) | 273 (88.9) | 201 (65.4) | 278 (90.6) | 160 (52.1) | 270 (87.9) |
| P | 0.481 | 0.424 | 0.358 | 0.385 | 0.722 | 0.741 | 0.375 | |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 112 | 76 (67.8) | 20 (17.9) | 110 (98.2) | 75 (66.9) | 100 (89.3) | 56 (50) | 103 (92) |
| Married | 402 | 275 (68.4) | 77 (19.2) | 355 (88.3) | 256 (63.7) | 361 (89.9) | 216 (53.7) | 362 (90) |
| Widow/divorced/separated | 88 | 62 (70.5) | 23 (26.1) | 74 (84) | 50 (56.8) | 81 (92) | 46 (52.3) | 76 (86.4) |
| P | 0.916 | 0.276 | 0.014 | 0.177 | 0.290 | 0.672 | 0.479 | |
| Education | ||||||||
| Without | 50 | 34 (68) | 10 (20) | 46 (92) | 32 (64) | 39 (78) | 23 (46) | 39 (78) |
| Primary school | 429 | 286 (66.6) | 86 (20) | 378 (88.1) | 279 (65) | 386 (89.9) | 219 (51) | 386 (89.9) |
| High-school | 81 | 58 (71.6) | 15 (18.5) | 74 (91.4) | 49 (60.5) | 77 (54.3) | 49 (60.4) | 75 (92.6) |
| Technic-vocation/university | 42 | 35 (83.3) | 9 (21.4) | 41 (97.6) | 21 (50) | 40 (95.2) | 27 (64.3) | 41 (97.8) |
| P | 0.149 | 0.983 | 0.271 | 0.083 | 0.054 | 0.336 | <0.001 | |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 367 | 258 (70.3) | 77 (21) | 319 (86.9) | 221 (60.2) | 330 (90) | 203 (55.3) | 328 (89.4) |
| Smoker | 141 | 93 (65.9) | 30 (21.3) | 135 (95.7) | 94 (66.7) | 126 (89.4) | 61 (43.3) | 131 (92.9) |
| Ex-smoker | 94 | 62 (68) | 13 (13.8) | 85 (90.4) | 66 (70.2) | 86 (91.5) | 54 (57.4) | 82 (87.2) |
| P | 0.534 | 0.272 | 0.048 | 0.126 | 0.060 | 0.088 | 0.077 | |
| Heavy smoking | ||||||||
| No | 517 | 359 (69.4) | 107 (20.7) | 460 (88.9) | 323 (62.5) | 464 (89.7) | 276 (53.4) | 465 (89.3) |
| Yes | 85 | 54 (63.5) | 13 (15.3) | 79 (92.9) | 58 (68.2) | 78 (91.7) | 42 (49.4) | 76 (89.4) |
| P | 0.277 | 0.248 | 0.385 | 0.585 | 0.359 | 0.716 | 0.222 | |
| Alcohol | ||||||||
| Nonconsumer | 253 | 170 (67.2) | 47 (18.2) | 225 (88.9) | 157 (62) | 226 (89.3) | 141 (55.7) | 231 (91.3) |
| Consumer | 301 | 205 (68.1) | 72 (23.9) | 274 (91) | 192 (63.8) | 276 (91.7) | 153 (50.8) | 270 (89.7) |
| Ex-consumer | 48 | 38 (79.2) | 11 (22.9) | 40 (83.3) | 32 (66) | 40 (83.3) | 24 (50) | 40 (83.3) |
| P | 0.252 | 0.725 | 0.497 | 0.121 | 0.128 | 0.768 | 0.502 | |
| Heavy alcohol | ||||||||
| No | 534 | 366 (68.5) | 102 (19.1) | 478 (89.5) | 335 (62.7) | 479 (89.7) | 286 (53.6) | 480 (89.9) |
| yes | 68 | 47 (69.1) | 18 (26.5) | 61 (89.7) | 46 (67.6) | 63 (92.6) | 32 (47) | 61 (89.7) |
| P | 0.923 | 0.152 | 0.867 | 0.662 | 0.716 | 0.489 | 0.774 | |
| Fruit and vegetables | ||||||||
| <5 units/day | 459 | 322 (70.2) | 91 (19.8) | 406 (88.5) | 283 (61.7) | 410 (89.3) | 242 (52.7) | 412 (89.7) |
| ≥5 units/day | 143 | 91 (63.6) | 29 (20.2) | 133 (93) | 98 (68.5) | 132 (92.3) | 76 (53.1) | 129 (90.2) |
| P | 0.143 | 0.906 | 0.173 | 0.235 | 0.531 | 0.621 | 0.892 | |
| Oral hygiene frequency | ||||||||
| <1 per day | 70 | 38 (54.3) | 15 (21.4) | 63 (90) | 42 (60) | 55 (78.6) | 31 (44.2) | 56 (80) |
| ≥1 per day | 532 | 375 (70.5) | 105 (19.7) | 476 (89.4) | 339 (63.7) | 487 (91.5) | 287 (53.1) | 485 (91.2) |
| P | 0.006 | 0.739 | 0.957 | 0.831 | 0.001 | 0.296 | 0.012 | |
| Dentist visits | ||||||||
| <1 year | 339 | 218 (64.3) | 60 (17.7) | 300 (88.6) | 204 (60.2) | 299 (88.2) | 172 (50.7) | 299 (88.2) |
| ≥1 per year | 263 | 195 (74.1) | 60 (22.8) | 239 (90.9) | 177 (67.3) | 243 (92.4) | 146 (55.5) | 242 (92) |
| P | 0.019 | 0.119 | 0.465 | 0.149 | 0.043 | 0.231 | 0.234 |