Table 1.
Summary of knockout mouse models with severe pancreatic phenotypes
| Gene(s) | Genotype studied | Gross Pancreatic Phenotype |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pdx1 | Pdx1−/− | pancreatic agenesis | Jonsson J et al., Nature 1994 |
| Ptf1a | Ptf1a−/− | pancreatic agenesis | Krapp A et al., Genes Dev 1998; Kawaguchi Y et al., Nat Genet 2002 |
| Foxa1, Foxa2 | FoxA1flox/flox;FoxA2 flox/flox;Pdx1-cre | pancreatic hypoplasia | Gao N et al., Genes Dev 2008 |
| Sox9 | Sox9 flox/flox;Pdx1-cre | pancreatic hypoplasia | Seymour PA et al., PNAS 2007 |
| Fgf10 | Fgf10−/− | pancreatic hypoplasia | Bhushan A et al., Dev 2001 |
| Cdh2 | Cdh2−/− | dorsal pancreatic agenesis | Esni F et al., Dev Biol 2001 |
| Hlxb9 | Hlxb9−/− | dorsal pancreatic agenesis | Harrison KA et al., Nat Genet 1999; Li H et al., Nat Genet 1999 |
| Raldh2 | Raldh2−/− | dorsal pancreatic agenesis | Martin M et al., Dev Biol 2005 |
| Isl1 | Isl1−/− | Lack of dorsal mesenchyme formation and exocrine differentiation; islet cells absent | Ahlgren U et al., Nature 1997 |
| Sox17 | Sox17flox/flox;FoxA3-cre | Absent biliary structures; ectopic pancreas tissue in the liver and common duct | Spence JR et al., Dev Cell 2009 |
| Hes1 | Hes1−/− | Gall bladder agenesis; ectopic pancreas in the common duct | Sumazaki R et al., Nat Genet 2004; Fukuda A et al., J Clin Invest 2006 |