Table 5.

Complications of vascular catheters.

Immediate	Delayed
Central venous catheter and pulmonary artery catheters
Bleeding	Infection
Retroperitoneal hematoma (with femoral approach)	Venous thrombosis, pulmonary emboli
Arterial puncture	Catheter migration
Arrhythmia	Catheter embolization
Air embolism	Myocardial perforation
Thoracic duct injury (with left SC or left IJ approach)	Nerve injury
Catheter malposition
Pneumothorax or hemothorax
Arterial catheters
Bleeding	Infection
Retroperitoneal hematoma (with femoral approach)	Thrombosis
	Limb ischemia
	Cerebral embolization
	Nerve injury
	Pseudoaneurysm
	Arteriovenous fistula

IJ: internal jugular, SC: subclavian.