Table 4.
Multivariate logistic regression odds ratios (95% CI) of overall and individual parent-reported lifetime psychiatric comorbidities in ASD (n = 2219), by statistically significant factor (P < .001 unless otherwise noted).
| Any comorbidity | Any anxiety disorder | Any mood disorder (depression and/or bipolar disorder) | Depression | Bipolar disorder | AD/HD or ADD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female Gender | ns | ns | ns | ns | .5 (.3, .9)* | .8 (.6, 1.0)* |
|
| ||||||
| Autism spectrum diagnosis (reference: autistic disorder) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| PDD-NOS | 2.1 (1.6, 2.6) | 1.9 (1.5, 2.5) | 2.8 (1.9, 4.2) | 2.3 (1.5, 3.7) | 3.6 (2.0, 6.3) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.6) |
| Asperger | 2.8 (2.2, 3.5) | 2.5 (1.9, 3.3) | 3.9 (2.7, 5.7) | 3.5 (2.3, 5.1) | 2.9 (1.6, 5.1) | 2.4 (1.9, 3.0) |
| SRS t score, per 10-point increase | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.3) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.2) |
| Reported ID | Ns | ns | Ns | .6 (.4, .9)* | ns | ns |
| History of skill lossa | .8 (.6, 1.0)* | ns | .7 (.5, 1.0)* | ns | ns | .7 (.5, .8) |
PDD-NOS= pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified; AD/HD or ADD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit disorder; SRS = Social Responsiveness Scale (see Methods); ID = intellectual disability.
aModerate to severe loss of communication and/or social skills between ages of 12 and 36 months.
†Adjusted for age; region (West versus all other); ethnicity; maternal education and history; evaluator.
*P < .05.