Table 2. Summary of iNKT studies in viral pathogenesis.

	Mouse		Human
	Frequency	Function	Frequency	Function
HIV	N/A	N/A	Depletion of total and CD4+ subset [45], [58]; variable recovery after HAART [58], [60], [64]–[66]	Inhibition of IFNγ, IL-4 and proliferation [61], [64], [70]; iNKT cells demonstrate anti-HIV activity [61]
HBV	Increase in hepatic type II NKT cells during acute hepatitis [135]	Activation enhances HBV-specific T cell responses [87]; promote IFNγ-dependent viral inhibition [85]	N/A	N/A
HCV	N/A	N/A	Variable depletion following infection in viremic individuals [91]–[94]	CXCR3 upregulation [94]; greater Th2 cytokine production after expansion [94]
HSV	N/A	Required for viral load control, protection from mortality [105], [106]	N/A	CD1d downregulation reduces iNKT activation [102]
Influenza	N/A	Activation promotes effective NK and CD8+ response [113]; control of viral titre [111]	N/A	Activation reduces the suppressive capacity of MDSCs, improves antigen-specific responses [110]

HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell.