Effect of genetic modulation of IGF-1R on growth signaling and ER chaperone expression. IGF-1R overexpressing (R+) and knockout cells (R−) cells were cultured in growth medium containing 4.5 g/L glucose and 10% FBS. A: Representative immunoblots for phospho-AKT, total AKT, phospho-RPS6, phospho-ERK1/2, total ERK1/2, c-Myc, and β-actin as the loading control. B: Representative immunoblots for ER chaperone proteins GRP78, GRP94, PDI, CRT, CNX, and β-actin as the loading control. C: Quantitation of relative protein levels of UPR chaperones. D: Expression levels for Grp78 mRNA using quantitative real time PCR. The values are presented as mean ± SE, n=6-10, *p≤0.05 **p≤0.01 ***p≤0.001.