Effect of rapamycin and LY294002 on GRP78 expression. A: Representative immunoblot for change in RPS6 phosphorylation in response to 16 h exposure to rapamycin (20 nM) in R− cells. B: Representative immunoblots for AKT and RPS6 phosphorylation in response to 24 h exposure to either rapamycin or LY294002 in R+ cells compared to non-treated R+ and R− cells. C: Grp78 mRNA expression in R+ cells treated with rapamycin or LY294002 for 24 h, determined using quantitative real time PCR. D,E: Representative immunoblot and quantitation for GRP78 protein expression in R+ cells treated with rapamycin or LY294002 compared to non-treated R+ and R− cells. The values are presented as mean ± SE, n=3-9, **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001 compared to untreated R+ group.