Table 3.
Studies used to compute age-standardised hip fracture incidence
| Country | Citation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Argentina | Morosano M, Masoni A, Sánchez A (2005) Incidence of hip fractures in the city of Rosario, Argentina. Osteoporos Int 16: 1339–1344 | Supplementary information from authors |
| Australia | Crisp A, Dixon T, Jones, Ebeling P, Cumming R (2012) Declining incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture in Australia. Manuscript in preparation | Supplementary information from Australian Institute of Health and Welfare |
| Austria | Dimai H P (2008) Personal communication | Supplementary information Statistic Austria |
| Dimai HP, Svedbom A, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, et al. (2011) Epidemiology of hip fractures in Austria: evidence for a change in the secular trend. Osteoporos Int22: 685–692 | ||
| Belgium | Hiligsmann M, personal communication, June 2011 | Update of FRAX model with more extensive data |
| Brazil | Silveira C, Medeiros M, Coelho-Filho JM et al. (2005) Incidência de fratura do quadril em area urbana do Nordeste brasileiro. Cad. Saúde Pública. 21: 907–912 | Average taken of all data from Brazil |
| Komatsu RS, Ramos LR, Szejnfeld A (2004) Incidence of proximal femur fractures in Marilia, Brazil. J Nut Health Aging. 8: 362 | ||
| Shwartz AV, Kelsey JL, Maggi S et al. (1999) International variation in the incidence of hip fractures: cross-national project on osteoporosis for the World Health Organization Program for Research on Aging. Osteoporos Int 9: 242–253 | ||
| Castro da Rocha FA, Ribeiro AR (2003) Low incidence of hip fractures in an equatorial area. Osteoporos Int 14:496–499 | ||
| Canada | Leslie WD, O'Donnell S, Lagacé C et al. (2010) Osteoporosis surveillance expert working group. Population-based Canadian hip fracture rates with international comparisons. Osteoporos Int. 21: 1317–1322 | Supplementary information from WB Leslie |
| Leslie WD, Lix LM, Langsetmo L et al. (2011) Construction of a FRAX® model for the assessment of fracture probability in Canada and implications for treatment. Osteoporos Int 22: 817–827 | ||
| Chile | Pablo Riedemann and Oscar Neira, personal communication 4th Oct 2011 | Source: Health Ministry, June 2010 |
| China | Schwartz AV, Kelsey JL, Maggi S et al. (1999) International variation in the incidence of hip fractures: cross-national project on osteoporosis for the World Health Organization Program for Research on Aging. Osteoporos Int 9: 242–253 | Mean of Schwartz 1999, Ling 1996, Yan 1999 and Zhang 2000 used in FRAX model |
| Ling X, Aimin, L, Xihe Z, Xaioshu C, Cummings SR (1996) Very low rates of hip fracture in Beijing, Peoples Republic of China. The Beijing Osteoporosis Project. Am J Epidemiol 144; 901–907 | ||
| Yan L, Zhou B, Prentice A, Wang X, Golden MH (1999) Epidemiological study of hip fracture in Shenyang, People's Republic of China. Bone 24: 151–155 | ||
| Zhang L, Cheng A, Bai Z, Lu Y, Endo N, Dohmae Y, Takahashi HE (2000) Epidemiology of cervical and trochanteric fractures of the proximal femur in 1994 in Tangshan, China. J Bone Miner Metab 18: 84–88 | ||
| Xia W-B, He SL, Xu L et al. (2011) Rapidly increasing rates of hip fracture in Beijing, China J Bone Miner Res. Sep 28. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.519 | Xia 2011 used for hip fracture incidence with supplementary data from S Cummings 2011 | |
| Colombia | Juan Jose Jaller (2009), personal communication | Survey of all (five) hospitals in region |
| Croatia | Matković V, Kostial K, Simonović I, Buzina R, Brodarec A, Nordin BE (1979) Bone status and fracture rates in two regions of Yugoslavia. Am J Clin Nutr. 32: 540–549 | Mean incidence derived from two regions in Matković 1979 (Podravina Podravina and Istra) and national data in Karacić 2009 |
| Karacić TP, Kopjar B (2009) Hip fracture incidence in Croatia in patients aged 65 years and more. Lijec Vjesn. 2009; 131: 9–13 | ||
| Czech | Stepan JJ, Vaculik J, Pavelka K, Zofka J, Johansson H, Kanis JA (2012) Hip fracture incidence between years 1981 and 2009 and construction of a FRAX® model for the assessment of fracture probability in the Czech Republic. Calcif Tiss Int, (in press) | Additional data, Jan Stepan, personal communication, 2011 |
| Denmark | Abrahamsen B, Vestergaard P (2010) Declining incidence of hip fractures and the extent of use of anti-osteoporotic therapy in Denmark 1997–2006. Osteoporosis Int 21: 373–80 | Additional data from the Danish National Board of Health, accessed October 2009 |
| Ecuador | Orces CH (2009) Epidemiology of hip fractures in Ecuador. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 25: 438–442. PMID: 19695134 | Additional data supplied by author |
| Estonia | Haviko T, Maasalu K, Seeder J (1996) The incidence of osteoporotic fractures at the University Hospital of Tartu, Estonia. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 103: 13–15 | Data available on women only |
| Finland | Kröger H (2008) Personal communication | Additional data from Reijo Sund, National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health |
| France | Couris CM, Chapurlat RD, Kanis JA et al. (2011) FRAX® probabilities and risk of major osteoporotic fracture in France. Osteoporos Int, Dec 17. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 22179418 | |
| Germany | Icks A, Haastert B, Wildner M, Becker C, Meyer G (2008) Trend of hip fracture incidence in Germany 1995–2004: a population-based study. Osteoporos Int 19: 1139-1145 | |
| Greece | Dretakis EK, Giaourakis G, Steriopoulos K (1992) Increasing incidence of hip fracture in Crete. Acta Orthop Scand. 63: 150–151 | Mean of three studies used |
| Paspati I, Galanos A, Lyritis GP (1998) Hip fracture epidemiology in Greece during 1977-1992. Calcif Tissue Int 62: 542–547 | ||
| Elffors I, Allander E, Kanis JA, et al. (1994) The variable incidence of hip fracture in southern Europe: the MEDOS Study. Osteoporos Int 4: 253–263 | ||
| Hong Kong | Tsang SWY, Kung AWC. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A (2009) Ten-year fracture probability in Hong Kong southern Chinese according to age and BMD femoral neck T-scores. Osteoporos Int. 20: 1939-1945 | |
| Hungary | Péntek M, Horváth C, Boncz I, Falusi Z, Tóth E, Sebestyén A, Májer I, Brodszky V, Gulácsi L (2008) Epidemiology of osteoporosis related fractures in Hungary from the nationwide health insurance database, 1999-2003.Osteoporos Int; 19: 243–249 | |
| Iceland | Kristin Siggeirsdottir and Vilmundur Gudnason, personal communication, 15th Aug 2011 | |
| India | Dhanwal D, Siwach R, Dixit V, Mithal A, Cooper C (2011) Incidence of hip fracture in Rohtak, North India. Osteoporos Int 22 (Suppl 4): S629–S630 | Supplementary information from D Dhanwal and C Cooper |
| Indonesia | Errol Hutagalung and Gunawan Tirtarahardja, personal communication, 5th Oct 2011 | Data from Department of Health and Bureau of Statistics, Indonesia |
| Iran | Soveid M, Serati AR, Masoompoor M (2005) Incidence of hip fracture in Shiraz, Iran. Osteoporos Int 16: 1412–1416 | |
| Ireland | Bernie McGowan Personal communication 18 Oct 2011 | Data from The Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) and Irish Central Statistics Office |
| McGowan, B, Casey M, Silke C , Whelan B, Bennett K (2012) Hospitalizations for fracture and associated costs between 2000 and 2009 in Ireland: a trend analysis. Submitted for publication | ||
| Israel | Levine S, Makin M, Menczel J, Robin G, Naor E, Steinberg R (1970) Incidence of Fractures of the Proximal End of the Femur in Jerusalem: A study of ethnic factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 52:1193–1202 | The different ethnicities amalgamated |
| Italy | Piscitelli P, Brandi ML, Chitano G, Johannson H, Kanis JA, Black DM (2012) Updated Fracture Incidence Rates for the Italian Version of FRAX®. Osteoporos Int, submitted | |
| Japan | Orimo H, Sakata K (2006) The 4th nationwide survey for hip fracture in Japan (in Japanese). Japan Medical Journal 4180: 25–30 | |
| Jordan | Azar ES Abulmajeed S, Masri BK, Kanis JA (2011) The prevalence of osteoporotic hip fractures in Jordan. Osteoporos Int 22 (Suppl 5): S715 | Additional data from Efteem Azar, personal communication, 2010 |
| Kuwait | Memon A, Pospula WM, Tantawy AY, Abdul-Ghafar S, Suresha A, Al-Rowaih A (1998) Incidence of hip fracture in Kuwait. Int J Epidemiol 27:860–865 | Kuwaiti data i.e., expatriates excluded |
| Lebanon | Sibai AM, Nasser W, Ammar W, Khalife MJ, Harb H, Fuleihan GE (2011) Hip fracture incidence in Lebanon: a national registry-based study with reference to standardized rates worldwide. Osteoporos Int 22: 2499–2506 | |
| Lithuania | Marija Tamulaitienė, Vidmantas Alekna, personal communication 2011 | |
| Malaysia | Personal communication, 2010 Siok Bee Chionh and Dr Derrick Heng, Director of Epidemiology at the Ministry of Health, Singapore | Expatriates living in Singapore |
| Malta | Schembri A. Public Health Medicine, Department of Health Information and Research 95, G'Mangia Hill, G'Mangia PTA1313 | Hospital survey |
| Mexico | Johansson H, Clark P, Carlos F, Oden A, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA (2011) Increasing age and sex specific rates of hip fracture in Mexico. Osteoporos Int. 22: 2359–2364 | |
| Morocco | El Maghraoui A, Koumba BA, Jroundi I, Achemlal L, Bezza A, Tazi MA (2005) Epidemiology of hip fractures in 2002 in Rabat, Morocco. Osteoporos Int 16:597–602 | |
| Abdellah El Maghraoui personal communication, 20th Oct 2011 | ||
| Netherlands | Lalmohamed, A, Welsing PMJ, Lems WF et al. (2011) Calibration of FRAX ® 3.1 to the Dutch population with data on the epidemiology of hip fractures. Osteoporos Int, doi 10.1007/s00198-011-1852-2 | Source: National Office for Statistics, CBS |
| New Zealand | Brown P, McNeill R, Rawan E, Willingale J (2007) The burden of osteoporosis in New Zealand: 2007–2020. Osteoporosis New Zealand Inc | Death and fracture hazard of the white population |
| Nigeria | Adebajo AO, Cooper C, Evans JG (1991) Fractures of the hip and distal forearm in West Africa and the United Kingdom. Age Ageing 20: 435–438 | |
| Norway | Emaus N, Olsen LR, Ahmed LA et al. (2011) Hip fractures in a city in Northern Norway over 15 years: time trends, seasonal variation and mortality: the Harstad Injury Prevention Study. Osteoporos Int 22: 2603–2610 | National data to be shortly available from H Meyer |
| Oman | Shukla J, Khandekar R (2008) Magnitude and determinants of osteoporosis in adult population of South Sharqiya region of Oman. Saudi Med J 29: 984–988 | |
| Philippines | Julie Li-Yu (2010) Personal communication | Insurance claims data for a segment of the population |
| Poland | Czerwiński E, Kanis JA, Osieleniec J et al. (2011) Evaluation of FRAX to characterize fracture risk in Poland. Osteoporos Int 22: 2507–2512 | Supplementary information from Edward Czerwinski and Roman Lorenc, 2011 |
| Jaworski M, Lorenc RS (2007) Risk of hip fracture in Poland. Med Sci Monit 13:206–210 | ||
| Portugal | de Pina MF, Alves SM, Barbosa M, Barros H (2008) Hip fractures cluster in space: an epidemiological analysis in Portugal. Osteoporos Int 19:1797–1804 | |
| Romania | Daniel Grigorie, 2011 Personal communication | National hospital discharge register (National School of Public Health) |
| Russia | Lesnyak O, Ershova O, Belova K et al. (2012). The development of a FRAX model for the Russian Federation. Submitted Arch Osteoporos | Combined data 2008-2010 from Yaroslavl and Pervouralsk |
| Olga Yershova, Olga Lesnyak, personal communication, 2010 | ||
| S Africa | Solomon L. Osteoporosis and fracture of the femoral neck in the South African Bantu (1968) J Bone Joint Surg 50: 1–13 | Bantu population |
| S Korea | Lim S, Koo BK, Lee EJ et al. (2008) Incidence of hip fractures in Korea. J Bone Miner Metab 26:400-405 | |
| Saudi Arabia | Al-Nuaim AR, Kremli M, Al-Nuaim M, Sandkgi S (1995) Incidence of proximal femur fracture in an urbanized community in Saudi Arabia. Calcif Tissue Int. 56: 536–538 | |
| Serbia | Lesić A, Bumbasirević M, Jarebinski M, Pekmezovic T (2005) Incidence of hip fractures in the population of Belgrade during the period 1990-2000. Projections for 2020. Acta Chir Iugosl 52: 95–99 | |
| Singapore | Siok Bee Chionh and D Heng D Personal communication, 2009 | Source: Heng D, Director of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health. |
| Slovakia | Masaryk P, Piestany, Slovakia personal communication 2010 | Source: National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases |
| Slovenia | Dzajkovska B, Wertheimer AI, Mrhar A (2007) The burden-of-illness study on osteoporosis in the Slovenian female population. Pham World Sci 29: 404–411 | Data available for women only |
| Spain | Diez A, Puig J, Martinez MT, Diez JL, Aubia J, Vivancos J (1989) Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal femur associated with osteoporosis in Barcelona, Spain. Calcif Tissue Int 44: 382–386 | Mean value of 5 regional studies |
| Sosa M, Segarra MC, Hernández D, González A, Limiñana JM, Betancor P (1993) Epidemiology of proximal femoral fracture in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). Age Ageing 22: 285–288 | ||
| Elffors L, Allander E, Kanis JA et al. (1994) The variable incidence of hip fracture in southern Europe: the MEDOS study. Osteoporos Int 4: 253–263 | ||
| Sanchez MI, Sangrador GO, Blanco IS et al. (1997) Epidemiologia de la fractura osteoporotica de cadera en la provincial de Zamora. Rev Esp Salud Publica 71: 357–367 | ||
| Sweden | Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A et al. (2000) Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmo. Osteoporos Int 11: 669–674 | |
| Switzerland | Lippuner K, Johansson H, Kanis JA, Rizzoli R (2009) Remaining lifetime and absolute 10-year probabilities of osteoporotic fracture in Swiss men and women. Osteoporos Int. 20: 1131–1140 | Source: Swiss Federal Office of Statistics |
| Taiwan | Shao CJ, Hsieh YH, Tsai CH, Lai KA (2009) A nationwide seven-year trend of hip fractures in the elderly population of Taiwan. Bone 44: 125–129 | |
| Thailand | Lau EM, Suriwongpaisal P, Lee JK et al. (2001) Risk factors for hip fracture in Asian men and women: the Asian osteoporosis study. J Bone Miner Res 16: 572–580 | |
| Tunisia | Leith Zakraoui, personal communication, June 2010 based on a PhD thesis (A Laatar) and an unpublished report by Ahmed Laatar & Leïth Zakraoui (2010) [Incidence de la fracture de l’extrémité supérieure du fémur en Tunisie. Etude épidémiologique nationale.] Incidence of upper femoral fractures in Tunisia. A National epidemiological study. Service de Rhumatologie Hôpital Mongi Slim–La Marsa | Survey of orthopaedic services |
| Turkey | Tuzun S, Eskiyurt N, Akarırmak U et al. (2012) Incidence of Hip Fracture and Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Turkey: The FRACTURK Study. Osteoporosis International. 23: 949–955 | |
| UK | Singer BR, McLauchlan GJ, Robinson CM, Christie J (1998) Epidemiology of fractures in 15,000 adults. The influence of age and gender. J Bone Joint Surg 80B:243–248 | |
| US | Ettinger B, Black DM, Dawson-Hughes B, Pressman AR, Melton LJ 3rd (2010) Updated fracture incidence rates for the US version of FRAX. Osteoporos Int 21: 25–33 | All ethnicities merged |
| Venezuela | Riera-Espinoza G, Lopez D, Kanis JA (2008) Life-Time risk of hip fracture and incidence rates in Carabobo, Venezuela. Osteoporos Int 19 (Suppl 2): S356 | Additional data supplied by author |