Cross-sectional |
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Prevalence of infection by urine test |
Prevalence of egg positives 5–80% for 6–14 year olds and for 15–34 year olds |
Refs. 14, 44
|
Peaked age intensity curve |
Maximum level of infection occurs between age of 6–23 years old |
Refs. 7, 14, 16, 44
|
Reduced infection level in adults |
Infection level in 24–34 year old age group < 40% of peak age group |
Refs. 7, 14, 16, 44
|
Peak shift |
Peak infection intensity is lower and occurs in the same or older age group when infection rate is halved |
Ref. 12
|
Aggregated egg output |
Standardized variance (SV) of mean egg output 2–60 for whole population, for 6–14 year olds and for 15–34 year olds |
Refs. 14, 44
|
Antibody switch |
Spearman’s ρ for association between two antibody responses < -0.2 |
Refs. 13, 14, 20
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Antibody switch after age of infection peak |
Initial (nonprotective) antibody response first falls below its midpoint value in the same or a later age group than peak infection |
Refs. 13, 14
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Post-treatment |
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Antibody switch after treatment |
A2 is ≥200% and A1 is ≤ 50% of respective pre-treatment levels at both 18 and 36 wk post-treatment |
Ref. 20
|