Table 6.

Risk factors associated with CS n-PCR positivity in univariate analysis and final model^a

Variable, category	Univariate analysis				Final model
	% (no.) of CS n-PCR-positive dogs	P value	OR	95% CI	P value	OR (95% CI)
Gender
Male	25.19 (32)	0.23	1 (Ref)
Female	18.25 (23)		0.69	0.35–1.32
Age (in years)
<3	17.52 (17)		1 (Ref)			1 (Ref)
3–8	29.31 (34)	0.012d	2.09	0.71–4.89	0.016	2.41 (1.74–4.71)
>8	10 (4)		0.56	0.18–1.80		0.66 (0.20–2.18)
Breed size
Small (<15 kg)	14.49 (10)		1 (Ref)
Medium (15–25 kg)	21.85 (33)	0.026d	1.86	0.84–4.15
Large (>25 kg)	36.36 (12)		3.81	1.41–10.32
Origin
Kennel	12.12 (8)		1 (Ref)
Privately owned	26.61 (33)	0.07	2.72	(1.25–4.83)
Stray	22.22 (14)		2.07	(1.15–4.1)
Occupation of privately owned dogsb
Hunting dog	25 (13)		1 (Ref)
Pet	25. 37 (17)	0.22	1.02	(0.58–2.86)
Guard dog	60 (3)		4.5	(2.02–6.89)
Location during daytime
Outdoors	28.28 (28)		1 (Ref)
Indoors	20 (5)	0.12	0.63	(0.15–1.29)
Kennel	17.05 (22)		0.52	(0.22–1.12)
Use of topical insecticides against sand fliesc
No	18.8 (22)	0.24	1 (Ref)
Yes	26.02 (19)		1.52	(1.07–3.12)
Habitat
Rural	12.87 (17)		1 (Ref)			1 (Ref)
Urban	15 (3)	4.9 × 10−4d	1.19	0.32–4.51	5.4 × 10−4d	1.05 (0.27–4.05)
Periurban	34.65 (35)		3.43	1.15–5.71		3.49 (1.78–6.83)
Living with CanL positive dogs in the household
Yes	20.58 (21)	0.83	1 (Ref)
No	12.51 (34)		1.12	0.48–1.64
Location at night time
Indoors	20.73 (17)	0.87	1 (Ref)
Outdoors	22.52 (38)		1.06	0.55–2.01
Previous therapy
No	19.58 (47)	0.017d	1 (Ref)
Yes	61.53 (8)		3.62	1.23–10.30

^aOR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference category.

^bn = 124.

^cPrivately owned dogs plus kennel dogs (n = 190).

^dP < 0.05—statistically significant difference.