Fig 5.

SN50 treatment increased the amount of axonal swellings. Quantification of 4-HNE-labeled puncta (or swellings) per 100-μm axon of mock- and CVS-infected neurons 72 h p.i. (n = 16 to 64) treated with SN50 or without SN50 showed a 4.5-fold increase in the number of puncta in mock-infected cultures treated with SN50 (2.67 ± 0.35, P < 0.0001) compared to that in cultures without SN50 (0.60 ± 0.24, P < 0.0001) and a 7.5-fold increase in CVS infection (4.52 ± 0.66, P < 0.0001) compared to mock infection (0.60 ± 0.24, P < 0.0001). CVS infection induced 1.7-fold more puncta than mock infection with SN50 (2.67 ± 0.34 versus 4.52 ± 0.66, P = 0.0156). CVS infection with SN50 treatment induced 1.6-fold more puncta than CVS infection without SN50 (P = 0.043) and 2.8-fold greater than mock infection with SN50 treatment (P = 0.0008). There were no significant differences in the number of 4-HNE-labeled puncta in mock-infected cells treated without SN50 versus with SN50M (P = 0.213).