Table 2.
Anti-H. pylori spectrum of artemisinin and its derivatives as determined by broth microdilution assaya
| Compound | MIC (μg/ml) |
MBC (μg/ml) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | MIC50 | MIC90 | Range | MBC50 | Meanb | |
| GRB-1 | 0.25–1 | 1 | 1 | 1–16 | 2 | 3.7 (10.95) |
| GRB-2 | 0.5–4 | 1 | 2 | 0.5–≥16 | 4 | 5.25 (16.83) |
| GRB-3 | 0.5–1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1–>16 | 1 | 4.1 (13.76) |
| GRB-4 | 0.5–2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5–>16 | 1 | 3.0 (10.07) |
| GRB-5 | 0.5–1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5–4 | 1 | 1.85 (5.08) |
| GRB-6 | 4–>128 | ≥8 | >128 | >8–>128 | ≥32 | 37.6 (84.90) |
| GRB-7 | 2–8 | 2 | 4 | 2–16 | 8 | 6.8 (16.08) |
| GRB-8 | 0.5–8 | 2 | 4 | 1–≥8 | 4 | 4.5 (15.85) |
| GRB-9 | 1–8 | 4 | 8 | 2–≥8 | 8 | 7.0 (16.75) |
| GRB-10 | 2–>128 | ≥8 | >128 | 4–>128 | ≥16 | 33.2 (90.70) |
| GRB-11 | 4–>128 | 8 | >128 | 8–>128 | ≥8 | 36.8 (77.64) |
| GRB-12 | 32–>128 | 64 | >128 | 128–>128 | ≥128 | 128 (547) |
| GRB-13 | 1–8 | 2 | 8 | 1–≥8 | 4 | 4.7 (17.60) |
| GRB-14 | 0.25–4 | 0.5 | 4 | 1–16 | 2 | 4.1 (10.68) |
| GRB-15 | 0.5–4 | 1 | 4 | 1–32 | 4 | 8.8 (18.41) |
| GRB-16 | 0.5–8 | 1 | 8 | 0.5–32 | 2 | 8.05 (23.82) |
| GRB-17 | 0.5–≥8 | 2 | 8 | 1–≥32 | 8 | 13.3 (47.16) |
| CLR | 0.016–0.064 | 0.032 | 0.064 | 0.032–0.128 | 0.064 | 0.080 (0.107) |
| AMX | 0.016–0.064 | 0.032 | 0.064 | 0.032–1 | 0.128 | 0.225 (0.616) |
| MNZ | 1.56–100 | 25 | 100 | 6.25–>100 | 50 | 50.375 (294.6) |
a
For the clinical strains 80A and 121A and the reference strains 700392, 43504, and 49503, the compounds were examined in the range from 8 to 0.125 μg/ml (except for GRB-12, for which a dose range of 128 to 2 μg/ml was used), and for strains PCR-148, PCR-155, PCR-156, PCR-216, and ATCC 43629, for which a dose range of 128 to 0.125 μg/ml was used.
b
Data in parentheses represent mean MBCs in micromolar (μM) concentrations.