Table 2.
Targeting OX40/X40L in different infectious disease models.
| Therapy and route of administration | Target antigen/infection | Therapy effect | Infection/immunization route | Study number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OX40 agonist (i.p.) | VACV‐Lister and NYCBOH | Enhanced effector and memory CD8+ T cell response. Protected against lethal VACV‐WR challenge | i.p. and d.s. | 1 |
| OX40 agonist (i.p.) | B8R20‐27 VACV peptide | Protected against lethal VACV‐WR challenge. Enhanced IFN‐y B8R specific long‐term mucosal CD8+ T cells | s.c. in IFA | 1 |
| OX40 agonist (i.v.) | SIV‐gp130 | Enhanced virus‐specific T cell and immunoglobulin recall responses | s.c. | 2 |
| OX40 agonist (i.p.) | MCMV | Increased expansion of protective CD8+ T cells (CD4+ dependent) | i.p. | 3 |
| OX40 and 41BB agonist | OVA‐VACV | Enhanced OVA‐specific memory response | i.p. | 4 |
| OX40 agonist (i.p.) | C. neoformans | Promoted fungal clearance from the lung | i.n. | 5 |
| OX40L encoding vector | HBsAg | Boosted CD4+, CD8+ and immunoglobulin responses against HBsAg | – | 6 |
| OX40L and 4‐1BBL encoding vector (i.m.) | Foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) – VP1 | Enhanced antigen‐specific CD4+, CD8+, immunoglobulin responses. Protected against live infection with FMDV | i.m. | 7 |
| OX40L encoding vector | vCP1452‐HIVgp120/41 | Enhanced antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells detected in the spleen six weeks postinfection | i.m. | 8 |
| OX40L, B7‐1, ICAM‐1 and LFA‐3 encoding vector | In vitro stimulation assay | Enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, cytokine production and re‐stimulation responses in vitro | – | 9 |
A summary of an agonistic and vector‐based adjuvant strategies used in viral and non viral infectious disease models. Abbreviations: i.p., intraperitoneal; i.v., intravenous; i.m., intramuscular; i.n., intranasal; s.c., sub‐cutaneous; IFA, incomplete freund’s adjuvant; d.s., dermal scarification; VACV, vaccinia virus; VACV‐WR, vaccinia virus western reserve; HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; MCMV, murine cytomegalovirus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. Corresponding references; study number reference; 1 (161), 2 (168), 3 (149), 4 (169), 5 (170), 6 (164), 7 (165), 8 (167), 9 (166)