Table 2.

Overview of EHF vaccines

System	% protection, number of vaccinations, time required for vaccination schemea)			Remarks	Key references
	NHPs	guinea pigs	mice
Non-replicating vaccines
inactivated ebolavirus	10%b), 3, 11w	64%, 3, 21w	100%, 2, 4w		38, 39
replicons	0%, 3, 15w	100%, 3, 22w	100%, 2, 8w		39, 40
DNA	n/a	100%, 3, 19w	100%, 2, 8w	safe and inmmunogenic in human phase 1 clinical trials	43-45
DNA + Ad5	100%, 4, 32w	n/a	n/a		44
Ad5	100%, 1, 4w	100%, 1, 4w	100%, 1, 3w	safe and inmmunogenic in human phase 1 clinical trials; problems with preexisting immunity, but this can be overcome by multiple vaccinations	46, 50, 53, 55
baculovirus-derived GP	n/a	50%, 3, 11w	n/a		58
recombinant GP-Fc fusion protein	n/a	n/a	83%, 4, 11w		59
GP-immunocomplexes	n/a	n/a	80%, 4, 12w		60
VLPs	100%, 3, 15w	n/a	100%, 2, 7w		63, 64
rEBOVΔVP30	n/a	100%, 2, 9w	100%, 2, 11w		68
inactivated rRABV (BSNP333-GP)	n/a	n/a	100%, 1, 11w	only inactivated vaccine shown to protect after a single vaccination; extensive experiences with this vaccine platform for wildlife vaccination	89
Replicating vaccines
rVSV/ΔG/GP	100%, 1, 4wc)	100%, 1, 3wc)	100%, 1, 1dc)	capable of post-exposure protection	69-71, 91
rHPIV3/GP	100%, 2, 10w	100%, 1, 4w	n/a	potential problems with preexisting immunity	85, 86
rHPIV3/ΔHN-F/GP	n/a	100%, 1, 4w	n/a	no problems with preexisting immunity	87
rRABV (BNSPΔG-GP)	n/a	n/a	100%, 1, 11w		89
rCMV	n/a	n/a	100%, 2, 10w	disseminating vaccine	90

^a)abbreviations: w = weeks, d = days, n/a = no data from challenge experiments available

^b)no protection was observed in 8 cynomolgus macaques; however, 1 out of 2 rhesus macaques was protected

^c)postexposure vaccination protects 50% of NHPs and 83% of guinea pigs if given 0.5 to 1 hour post infection, and 100% of mice as late as 24 hours post infection