Table 1.
Glossary of Terms
| Estrogen Receptor (ER): a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family that is activated by estrogens. Primarily exists in two forms: alpha (α) and beta (β), which are expressed across numerous tissues throughout the body. |
| 17α-estradiol: Most concentrated form of circulating estrogen. It should be noted it is not the only form of circulating estrogen. |
| Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4): GLUT4 is the insulin-contraction regulated glucose transporter found in striated muscle and responsible for glucose transport into the cell. |
| Propylpyrazoletriyl (PPT): Specific ERα agonist |
| Akt: a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in insulin cell signaling. Also known as protein kinase B (PKB). |
| AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK): A hetreotrimeric enzyme that regulates intracellular metabolic systems through intrinsic energy sensing capabilities |
| WAT: white adipose tissue |
| Perlipin1 (PLIN1): A lipid droplet coating protein found mainly in mature adipocytes. PLIN1 plays a supportive role in the storage and hydrolysis of triacylglyercol. |
| Lipid droplet (LD): cellular organelle responsible for storage of neutral lipids. |
| Adipose tissue glycerol lipase (ATGL): A key lipase responsible for the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis. |
| Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58): A member of the alpha/beta hydrolase family of proteins that is often localized on the lipid droplet. |
| Cluster of Differentiation 36/Fatty acid translocase (CD36/FAT): A long chain fatty acid transporter found on the sarcolemma of striated muscle. |
| G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30/GPER): An estrogen sensitive G-protein coupled receptor that is involved in rapid non-genomic signaling. |
| Estrogen response element (ERE): Specific DNA sequences that are the site of recognition for the alpha and beta forms of the estrogen receptor. |
| Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ): A member of the nuclear receptor family that regulates genes involved in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. |
| Histone Deacteylases (HDAC): a class of enzyme that removes acetyl groups from lysine amino acids on histones that encase genomic DNA. |