(A-C) MASMC from S100A12 and wild type mice with intact RAGE signaling (RAGE+/+) and deleted RAGE (RAGE-/-) were treated as indicated with control (bovine serum albumine, BSA), lipopolysaccaride (100 ng/ml) or TNF-α (20ng/ml). (D-F) S100A12 expressing HASMC and control HASMC were treated as indicated with antioxidants, α-lipoic acid and DPI. Active caspase 3 was measured using an immunofluorescence assay for active caspase 3 (A, D), TUNEL assay determined % of apoptotic nuclei (B, E), and nuclei with oxidized DNA stained with α-8-oxo-dG IgG (F) and indexed to total number of nuclei per high power field (C,F). (*p<0.01 compared to untreated S100A12 positive HASMC).