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Terminology. A, Orientation vectors used in the analysis of sinusoidal locomotion. Undulations occur in the x-y plane. The white circles represent the start and end of one locomotion cycle. B, Definitions of turns and head sweeps. Undulations involve dorsoventral flexions of the body. Dorsal and ventral turns are defined in terms of the sign of the turning angle ϕ. Dorsal and ventral head sweeps are defined in terms the sign of dϕ/dt.
