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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2012 Mar;50(3):210–216. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182407c8a

Table 4.

False positive rates (%) for diagnostic mammography by vulnerability index of the facility at which the mammogram was performed, adjustment for patient and facility characteristics

N Adjusted for Patient Characteristicsc Adjusted for Patient Characteristicsc & Ultrasound Availability Adjusted for Patient Characteristicsc & Biopsy Availability Adjusted for Patient Characteristicsc & Affiliation with Academic Center Adjusted for Patient Characteristicsc & Profit Statusd Adjusted for Patient Characteristicsce & All Facility Characteristics
Number of facilities 139
Educationa
 Non-vulnerable 107 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.7
 Vulnerable 32 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.8 8.2
 OR (95% CI) 1.33 (1.03,1.74) 1.37 (1.05,1.77) 1.34 (1.04,1.47) 1.33 (1.03,1.74) 1.42 (1.06,1.89) 1.48 (1.11, 1.96)
Race/ethnicitya
 Non-vulnerable 113 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.8
 Vulnerable 26 8.0 8.0 8.2 8.0 7.8 8.2
 OR (95% CI) 1.33 (0.98,1.80) 1.32(0.98,1.77) 1.38 (1.02,1.86) 1.33 (0.98,1.80) 1.39 (0.98, 1.96) 1.46 (1.04, 2.05)
Rural/urban residenceac
 Non-vulnerable 92 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.2 5.3
 Vulnerable 47 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.6 7.6 7.8
 OR (95% CI) 1.56 (1.26,1.92) 1.54 (1.25,1.89) 1.51 (1.22,1.87) 1.57 (1.27,1.94) 1.50 (1.20,1.87) 1.51 (1.21, 1.90)
Incomeac
 Non-vulnerable 87 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.5 5.6
 Vulnerable 52 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.9 7.0 7.1
 OR (95% CI) 1.38 (1.10,1.73) 1.37 (1.10,1.71) 1.36 (1.09,1.70) 1.38 (1.10,1.73) 1.29 (1.02,1.63) 1.29 (1.03, 1.63)
Composite vulnerability scoree
 0 58 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 4.8 5.0
 1 35 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.9 6.2 6.2
 2 22 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.1 7.3
 3 18 8.4 8.7 8.1 8.4 7.9 8.1
 4 6 10.6 10.6 11.4 10.6 9.4 10.4
p for trend < 0.01 p for trend < 0.01 p for trend < 0.01 p for trend < 0.01 p for trend < 0.01 p for trend < 0.01
a

Facilities serving vulnerable women include those serving: < 83% of the facility population completed high school; > 30% of the facility population are minorities; average percentage of rural residences among the facility population is > 52%; and average median household income among the facility population is < $45,000.

b

Rural residence and income are generated from area-level data

c

Adjusted for study site and patient characteristics: age, time since previous mammogram, and BI-RADS breast density

d

Composite vulnerability scores were calculated by adding 1 for each of the vulnerability indices met.

e

Models with profit status had N = 127 facilities as profit status was not collected from 1 site.