Table 3.
Crude odds ratio for contextual-level factors associated with low median CD4 cell counts among cohorts of patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.
| Total sub-regions [n (%)] | Total cohorts [n (%)] | Median CD4 cell count <111 cells/μl [n (%)] | Median CD4 cell count ≥111 cells/μl [n (%)] | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 (100) | 1690 (100) | 422 (25) | 1268 (75) | |||
| Percentage of households with electricity | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (1.7–5.8) | 10 (32) | 362 (21) | 73 (17) | 289 (23) | 1 | |
| Tertile2 (7.0–15.3) | 11 (35) | 822 (49) | 188 (45) | 634 (50) | 1.2 (0.76–1.8) | 0.03 |
| Tertile 3 (15.5–59.2) | 10 (32) | 506 (30) | 161 (38) | 345 (27) | 1.9 (1.1–3.0) | |
| Percentage of households with piped water | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (2.3–8.1) | 10 (32) | 277 (16) | 46 (11) | 231 (18) | 1 | |
| Tertile 2 (8.7–14.5) | 11 (35) | 495 (29) | 145 (34) | 350 (28) | 2.1 (1.2–3.6) | 0.03 |
| Tertile 3 (15.1–31.7) | 10 (32) | 918 (54) | 231 (55) | 687 (54) | 1.7 (0.98–2.9) | |
| HIV prevalence | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (0.70–4.90) | 10 (32) | 820 (49) | 233 (55) | 587 (46) | 1 | |
| Tertile 2 (5.10–12.0) | 11 (35) | 601 (36) | 142 (34) | 459 (36) | 0.78 (0.53–1.1) | 0.05 |
| Tertile 3 (19.0–39.1) | 10 (32) | 269 (16) | 47 (11) | 222 (18) | 0.53 (0.32–0.90) | |
| Percentage who have heard of AIDS | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (53.9–91.7) | 10 (32) | 427 (25) | 109 (26) | 318 (25) | 1 | |
| Tertile 2 (93.3–98.7) | 11 (35) | 467 (28) | 125 (30) | 342 (27) | 1.1 (0.71–1.6) | 0.7 |
| Tertile 3 (98.76–99.97) | 10 (32) | 796 (47) | 188 (45) | 608 (48) | 0.90 (0.58–1.4) | |
| Percentage with comprehensive knowledge about AIDS | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (5.1–18.2) | 10 (32) | 493 (29) | 116 (27) | 377 (30) | 1 | |
| Tertile 2 (19.8–35.5) | 11 (35) | 432 (26) | 125 (30) | 307 (24) | 1.3 (0.89–2.0) | 0.27 |
| Tertile 3 (35.9–64.1) | 10 (32) | 765 (45) | 181 (43) | 584 (46) | 1.0 (0.66–1.6) | |
| Percentage men and women accepting (stigma) | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (3.0–10.0) | 10 (32) | 529 (31) | 118 (28) | 411 (32) | 1 | |
| Tertile 2 (12.0–25.5) | 11 (35) | 535 (32) | 149 (35) | 386 (30) | 1.3 (0.91–2.0) | 0.34 |
| Tertile 3 (28.0–59.0) | 10 (32) | 626 (37) | 155 (37) | 471 (37) | 1.2 (0.74–1.8) | |
| Percentage know condom use prevents HIV transmission | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (12–55) | 10 (32) | 529 (31) | 118 (28) | 411 (32) | 1 | 0.14 |
| Tertile 2 (60–75) | 11 (35) | 777 (46) | 222 (53) | 555 (44) | 1.4 (0.95–2.1) | |
| Tertile 3 (76–89) | 10 (32) | 384 (23) | 82 (19) | 302 (24) | 0.95 (0.58–1.5) | |
| Percentage know limiting to one sexual partner prevents HIV risk | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (27–69) | 10 (32) | 341 (20) | 43 (10) | 298 (24) | 1 | |
| Tertile 2 (69.1–81) | 11 (35) | 835 (49) | 193 (46) | 642 (51) | 2.1 (1.2–3.5) | <0.01 |
| Tertile 3 (82–94) | 10 (32) | 514 (30) | 186 (44) | 328 (26) | 3.9 (2.3–6.8) | |
| Percentage know condom use and limit to one sexual partner prevents HIV transmission | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (10–50) | 10 (32) | 529 (31) | 118 (28) | 411 (32) | 1 | |
| Tertile 2 (54–68) | 11 (35) | 836 (49) | 226 (54) | 610 (48) | 1.3 (0.88–1.9) | 0.43 |
| Tertile 3 (69–83) | 10 (32) | 325 (19) | 78 (18) | 247 (19) | 1.1 (0.68–1.8) | |
| Percentage tested for HIV | ||||||
| Tertile 1 (0.50–7.3) | 10 (32) | 617 (37) | 139 (33) | 478 (38) | 1 | |
| Tertile 2 (8.3–13.1) | 11 (35) | 178 (11) | 55 (13) | 123 (10) | 1.5 (0.95–2.5) | 0.21 |
| Tertile 3 (13.9–43.5) | 10 (32) | 895 (53) | 228 (54) | 667 (53) | 1.2 (0.81–1.7) | |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval.