Table 4.

Mean Comparisons of Infant Distress and Regulatory Behaviors as a Function of Emotion Task and Maternal Involvement

	Anger Task		Fear Task		Univariate F-tests and η2
	M-Uninvolved	M-Involved	M-Uninvolved	M-Involved	Emotion Task		M Involvement		Task X Inv
	M (SE)	M (SE)	M (SE)	M (SE)	F	η2	F	η2	F	η2
Infant Distress
Proportion	20.29 (2.71)	20.89 (1.96)	21.06 (4.23)	23.95 (3.53)	.03	.00	3.17t	.03	.01	.00
Peak	5.05 (.10)	5.28 (.10)	5.24 (.15)	5.51 (.14)	.79	.00	.02	.00	.95	.01
Mother-Oriented Regulation Behaviors
Active M	22.41 (2.88)	12.54 (1.40)	10.27 (2.32)	10.99 (1.50)	.41	.00	2.88t	.03	2.60	.03
Phys soothe M	12.35 (2.69)	27.83 (3.65)	48.78 (5.29)	66.29 (4.72)	2.57	.03	1.90	.02	.13	.00
Variety Mother	1.77 (.15)	2.84 (.15)	1.88 (.17)	2.52 (.13)	.31	.00	.51	.00	.17	.00
Adaptive Regulation Behaviors/Non-Mother-Oriented
Look away	33.15 (1.92)	46.73 (2.88)	16.03 (2.25)	21.54 (2.58)	7.10**	.07	7.75**	.08	2.58	.03
Self-soothe	3.53 (1.38)	7.98 (1.74)	13.01 (3.68)	18.15 (3.49)	3.94*	.04	1.36	.02	.41	.00
Problem-solve	7.70 (1.62)	4.76 (1.06)	0.03 (.04)	0.27 (.57)	.35	.00	1.57	.02	.83	.01
Play/distract	2.17 (.92)	13.35 (3.00)	3.45 (1.77)	2.27 (1.86)	.15	.00	1.10	.01	.46	.01
Help-seek E	4.72 (1.25)	1.15 (.44)	0.00 (.01)	0.00 (.00)	2.35	.02	.95	.01	.97	.01
Withdraw	2.70 (.66)	4.67 (.44)	4.72 (.84)	1.67 (.50)	.22	.00	.30	.00	1.59	.02
Variety Adapt	3.22 (.14)	3.64 (.15)	2.27 (.14)	2.19 (.13)	.34	.00	.18	.00	.67	.00
Maladaptive Regulation Behavior
Vent	3.67 (1.34)	2.32 (.71)	7.27 (2.25)	10.67 (2.62)	13.23**	.12	4.66*	.05	23.42**	.20

Note.

^tp < .10,

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01;

All means adjusted for maternal sensitivity during the mother-involved portions of the frustration and fear eliciting task.