FIGURE 4.

14-3-3 Phosphorylation sites. 14-3-3 residues that are phosphorylated in animal or plant 14-3-3s and that are also conserved in Arabidopsis 14-3-3 protein sequences are listed. Sites phosphorylated in mammalian isoforms are indicated as red blocks, and sites phosphorylated in plant isoforms are indicated as green blocks on the alignment of the 13 isoforms. In cases where the upstream kinase or biochemical/functional impact of the phosphorylation is known, this is indicated above the alignment. Isoform order, top to bottom: μ, ι, π, о, ε, κ, λ, χ, φ, ω, ψ, υ, υ. The nine alpha-helices of the 14-3-3 secondary structure are indicated. 1. (Megidish et al., 1998); 2. (Dubois et al., 1997a); 3. (Shin et al., 2007); 4. (Giacometti et al., 2004); 5. (Barry et al., 2009); 6. (Aitken, 1995; Tsuruta et al., 2004); 7. (Agrawal and Thelen, 2006); 8. (Reiland et al., 2009; Sugiyama et al., 2008; Mayank et al., 2012).