Table 1.
Clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics of the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patient group
| Females (n = 45) | Males (n = 55) | Total sample (n = 100) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status, medical, surgical and obstetric history, current medication (n) | |||
| Cigarette use | 1 | 37** | 38 |
| Narghile use | 0 | 8** | 8 |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| Arterial hypertension | 20 | 17 | 37 |
| Dyslipidemia | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| Dysthyroid | 4 | 0** | 4 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| Renal failure | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Anemia | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Surgical history | 17 | 8** | 25 |
| Low parity | 34 | ||
| Beta-blocker use | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| Diuretic use | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Bronchodilator use | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Socioeconomic, schooling, and physical activity levels (n) | |||
| Low socioeconomic level | 27 | 9** | 36 |
| Low schooling level | 22 | 15** | 37 |
| Sedentary status | 32 | 18** | 50 |
| Daily, sporting, leisure, and physical activity scores, parity [median (1st–3rd quartile)] | |||
| Activities | |||
| Daily | 2 (2–2) | 1 (1–2)* | 2 (1–2) |
| Sporting | 2 (0–7) | 8 (3–13)* | 6 (1–11) |
| Leisure | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–4)* | 2 (1–3) |
| Physical | 6 (4–11) | 13 (7–18)* | 9 (5–15) |
| Parity (numerical) | 3 (2–4) | ||
| Anthropometric data (mean ± SD) | |||
| Age (years) | 55 ± 8 | 54 ± 8 | 54 ± 8 |
| Weight (kg) | 80 ± 16 | 82 ± 11 | 81 ± 14 |
| Height (m) | 1.56 ± 0.06 | 1.70 ± 0.06* | 1.64 ± 0.09 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 33 ± 6 | 28 ± 4* | 30 ± 5 |
| Metabolic data and absolute cardiovascular disease risk (ACVDR) score (mean ± SD) | |||
| Fasting glycemia (mmol/L) | 9.50 ± 3.24 | 9.47 ± 2.72 | 9.49 ± 2.95 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.47 ± 0.78 | 1.86 ± 1.50 | 1.68 ± 1.24 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.04 ± 1.01 | 4.78 ± 0.78 | 4.90 ± 0.89 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.08 ± 0.30 | 1.06 ± 0.32 | 1.07 ± 0.31 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.27 ± 0.92 | 2.87 ± 0.73* | 3.05 ± 0.85 |
| ACVDR score | 2 ± 1 | 4 ± 1* | 3 ± 1 |
| Normal weight, overweight, and obese (number) | |||
| Normal weight | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| Overweight | 9 | 29** | 38 |
| Obese | |||
| Moderate | 16 | 15 | 31 |
| Marked | 10 | 2** | 12 |
| Extreme | 5 | 0** | 5 |
| Three degrees of obesity | 31 | 17** | 48 |
| Metabolic characteristics (number) | |||
| Uncontrolled diabetes | 25 | 33 | 58 |
| “Measured” dyslipidemia | 30 | 37 | 67 |
Notes:
*
P (probability, t-test) < 0.05, females vs males;
**
P (probability, chi-squared test) < 0.05, females vs males.
Abbreviations: HDL-C, high-density-lipid cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density-lipid cholesterol.