Fig. 7.

Apamin increases the amplitude of the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions in human DSM isolated strips. A: original recordings illustrating apamin (1 μM) effect on EFS-induced (0.5–50 Hz) contractions. As shown, apamin (1 μM) also induced myogenic contractions, consistent with data illustrated in Fig. 4. B: frequency-response curves showing a significant increase in the amplitude of the EFS-induced contractions following application of apamin (1 μM). The maximal EFS-contraction amplitude at a stimulation frequency of 50 Hz under control conditions was taken to be 100% and the contractions were normalized. Values are means ± SE (n = 23, N = 9; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005).