Fig. 4.

Adenovirus knockdown of NCX1 leads to systolic failure in the Akita^ins2. Direct myocardial injection of adenovirus encoding anti-sense NCX1 (Ad.asNCX1) knocked down NCX1 protein expression ∼50% compared with Ad.GFP controls (A). Seven days postinjection echocardiography was performed on WT and Akita^ins2. Representative M-mode images and fractional shortening (%FS; B) and in vivo hemodynamic occlusion studies and ESPVR analysis (C) of WT and Akita^ins2 treated with vehicle only, Ad.GFP, or Ad.asNCX1. *P < 0.05. D: calcium transients and sarcomeric shortening parameters of GFP⁺ ventricular myocytes from WT and Akita^ins2 mice infected with Ad.GFP or Ad.asNCX1 for 7 days. Histograms comparing means (±SD) peak Ca²⁺ and peak shortening determined in GFP⁺ myocytes are shown. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.