Table 2.
Left ventricular hemodynamics and volumes
| Young | Early Middle Age | Late Middle Age | Seniors | ANOVA P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QI, l/m2 | 3.3 ± 0.8* | 2.6 ± 0.5* | 2.6 ± 0.4* | 2.6 ± 0.3* | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 73 ± 14 | 68 ± 9 | 64 ± 8 | 71 ± 10 | 0.058 |
| SVI, ml/m2 | 47 ± 9 | 38 ± 6* | 41 ± 7 | 38 ± 9* | 0.008 |
| SBP, mmHg | 113 ± 11 | 110 ± 3 | 113 ± 4 | 134 ± 4* | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 64 ± 7 | 71 ± 12 | 72 ± 7 | 78 ± 9* | 0.003 |
| MAP, mmHg | 81 ± 7 | 84 ± 11 | 86 ± 8 | 96 ± 11* | <0.001 |
| SVR, dynes · s−1 · cm5 | 1,131 ± 291 | 1,541 ± 400* | 1,438 ± 237* | 1,617 ± 263* | <0.001 |
| EDVI, ml/m2 | 66 ± 7 | 62 ± 10 | 60 ± 9 | 50 ± 7* | <0.001 |
| ESVI, ml/m2 | 24 ± 4 | 21 ± 7 | 17 ± 5* | 14 ± 3* | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 64 ± 5 | 67 ± 7 | 72 ± 6* | 73 ± 4* | <0.001 |
| ESBP/ESVI, mmHg · ml−1 · m−2 | 4 ± 1 | 5 ± 2 | 7 ± 2* | 9 ± 2* | <0.001 |
| Sm, cm/s | 10 ± 2 | 9 ± 1* | 8 ± 1# | 8 ± 1# | 0.034 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 54 ± 7 | 54 ± 13 | 50 ± 8 | 48 ± 7 | 0.228 |
| PCWP, mmHg | 12.6 ± 1.3 | 11.9 ± 2.6 | 11.9 ± 2.4 | 11.3 ± 1.2 | 0.472 |
| RAP, mmHg | 9.1 ± 1.6 | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 8.8 ± 1.8 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 0.216 |
| LVTMP, mmHg | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 1.5 | 0.802 |
Values presented are means ± SD. QI, cardiac index; SVI, stroke volume index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; EDVI, end-diastolic volume index; ESVI, end-systolic volume index; ESBP, end-systolic blood pressure; Sm, peak systolic mitral annular velocity; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RAP, right atrial pressure; LVTMP, left ventricular transmural pressure. Left ventricular mass, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, and ejection fraction were determined using magnetic resonance imaging as previously described (1).
*
P < 0.05 and
#
P = 0.051–0.055 vs. young group.