Table 2.
Normal | HFD | BIL14 | BIL4 | BIL14H | BIL4M | BIL4H | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blood glucose (mmol·l−1) | 5.47 ± 0.13 | 5.87 ± 0.14 | 5.61 ± 0.13 | 5.69 ± 0.14 | 6.02 ± 0.16 | 5.95 ± 0.17 | 5.91 ± 0.16 | |
GIR (mmol·kg−1·min−1) | 1.43 ± 0.13a | 0.87 ± 0.08 | 1.18 ± 0.08b | 1.10 ± 0.10 | 0.84 ± 0.07d | 0.95 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.09 | |
EGP (mmol·kg−1·min−1) | Basal | 0.38 ± 0.02a | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.40 ± 0.03b | 0.46 ± 0.04 | 0.65 ± 0.05c | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.58 ± 0.04 |
Clamp | 0.15 ± 0.02a | 0.37 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.03b | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.38 ± 0.03c | 0.39 ± 0.03 | 0.37 ± 0.04 | |
Insulin (µU·ml−1) | Basal | 9.78 ± 1.27a | 15.14 ± 1.22 | 11.09 ± 1.23b | 12.31 ± 1.53 | 15.95 ± 1.65d | 15.82 ± 1.42 | 15.78 ± 1.62 |
Clamp | 99.96 ± 7.49 | 121.77 ± 7.25 | 104.51 ± 8.37 | 115.12 ± 7.73 | 118.54 ± 6.95 | 123.33 ± 6.42 | 122.82 ± 7.73 | |
TG (mmol·l−1) | 0.98 ± 0.13a | 1.91 ± 0.09 | 1.11 ± 0.13a | 1.52 ± 0.16 | 2.08 ± 0.19c | 2.03 ± 0.18 | 1.94 ± 0.14 | |
VLDL-TG (mmol·l−1) | 0.58 ± 0.07a | 1.39 ± 0.19 | 0.68 ± 0.12a | 1.13 ± 0.21 | 1.50 ± 0.23c | 1.43 ± 0.14 | 1.37 ± 0.13 | |
IDL/LDL-TG (mmol·l−1) | 0.24 ± 0.03b | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.39 ± 0.08 | 0.40 ± 0.06 | 0.38 ± 0.03 | |
HDL-TG (mmol·l−1) | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.04 | |
VLDL-apoB-48 (mg·l−1) | 23 ± 5 | 25 ± 3 | 26 ± 2 | 25 ± 2 | 28 ± 3 | 27 ± 3 | 26 ± 2 | |
VLDL-apoB-100 (mg·l−1) | 71 ± 7 | 101 ± 18 | 97 ± 12 | 99 ± 14 | 102 ± 18 | 104 ± 21 | 98 ± 17 | |
HDL-apoA-1 (mg·l−1) | 532 ± 76 | 367 ± 53 | 445 ± 87 | 344 ± 49 | 351 ± 81 | 394 ± 64 | 374 ± 55 | |
NEFA (mmol·l−1) | Basal | 0.42 ± 0.04 | 0.51 ± 0.07 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.53 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.07 |
Clamp | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.32 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 0.36 ± 0.05 | |
ALT (U·l−1) | 77 ± 29 | 88 ± 37 | 86 ± 21 | 79 ± 30 | 76 ± 25 | 72 ± 24 | 71 ± 28 | |
AST (U·l−1) | 81 ± 8 | 92 ± 19 | 86 ± 12 | 84 ± 16 | 90 ± 13 | 88 ± 21 | 87 ± 10 |
Data are means ± SEM. n= 6.
P < 0.01,
P < 0.05 vs. HFD group;
P < 0.01,
P < 0.05 vs. BIL14 group (ANOVA). ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Apo, apolipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; EGP, endogenous glucose production; GIR glucose infusion rate; HDL high-density lipoprotein; IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein; LDL low-density lipoprotein; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; TG, triglyceride; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein.