Figure 2. Copper oxide nanoparticles induce cell death through a non-apoptotic pathway in A549 cells.

(A) TUNEL assay results for A549 cells treated with CuO or SiO₂ NPs (30 µg/ml) for 8 h. The magnitude = 400×(B) Western blot analysis of cleaved caspase 3 in A549 cells treated with 30 µg/ml CuO NPs for 12 h. 4% DMSO was used as a positive control.