Table 3. Ethnic differences in cardiometabolic risk factors (ethnic Dutch = reference group) and the effect of additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC).
| African descent | Turkish | Moroccan | |||
| Adjusted? | Difference (95%CI) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | Model 1 | 0.53 (0.32, 0.74) * | 1.02 (0.75, 1.30) | 1.03 (0.81, 1.24) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | Model 1 | 0.47 (−0.06, 1.00) | 1.68 (0.99, 2.38) | 1.65 (1.11, 2.19) | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | Model 1 | 0.34 (−0.89, 1.57) | 1.89 (0.25, 3.54) | 0.98 (−0.28, 2.23) | |
| BMI† | –$ | 0.17 (−1.81, 2.15) | – | ||
| WC | – | 1.11 (−0.53, 2.76) | – | ||
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | Model 1 | 2.22 (1.09, 3.36) | 2.62 (1.11, 4.13) | 1.13 (−0.04, 2.29) | |
| BMI | 1.83 (0.70, 2.96) | 1.76 (0.24, 3. 28) | – | ||
| WC | 2.14 (1.01, 3.27) | 2.09 (0.57, 3.61) | – | ||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | Model 1 | −0.03 (−0.13, 0.06) | 0.12 (0.00, 0.25) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.12) | |
| BMI | – | 0.10 (−0.03, 0.23) | – | ||
| WC | – | – | – | ||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.17) | 0.09 (−0.08, 0.25) | −0.03 (−0.18, 0.09) | |
| BMI | – | – | – | ||
| WC | – | – | – | ||
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | Model 1 | 0.09 (0.03, 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.04, 0.12) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.04) | |
| BMI | – | – | – | ||
| WC | – | ||||
| (log)triglyceride (mmol/L) | Model 1 | −0,02 (−0.11, 0.06) | 0.13 (0.02, 0.25) | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.10) | |
| BMI | – | – | – | ||
| WC | – | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.22) | – | ||
Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex; models including SBP, DBP or WC are additionally adjusted for height.
*
Bold indicates significant different from reference group;
†
Non-linear association: estimated beta for mean BMI (15.3 kg/m2);
$
- No ethnic differences present in model 1 and/or association with BMI/WC (Table 2).