. 2012 Aug 20;7(8):e41906. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041906

Table 3. Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for hypertensive, high cholesterol, and diabetes medication use versus METhours per day of walking and other physical activities.

	Dependent variables:
	Hypertension	High cholesterol	Diabetes
Males
Distance-based estimate
Walking_Distance	0.93^‡	0.97	0.87^§
	(0.90, 0.97)	(0.94, 1.01)	(0.81, 0.94)
Other exercise	0.98^*	0.99	0.99
	(0.96, 1.00)	(0.97, 1.01)	(0.96, 1.02)
Walking_Distance vs. other exercise	P = 0.01	P = 0.46	P = 0.002
Walking_Distance	0.93^§	0.97	0.87^§
	(0.90, 0.97)	(0.94, 1.01)	(0.81, 0.94)
Vigorous exercise	0.97^†	0.98	0.97
	(0.95, 0.99)	(0.96, 1.00)	(0.93, 1.01)
Other moderate exercise	1.00	1.00	1.01
	(0.97, 1.03)	(0.97, 1.03)	(0.96, 1.06)
Light exercise	1.02	0.99	1.00
	(0.92, 1.12)	(0.90, 1.10)	(0.87, 1.14)
Walking_Distancevs. other moderate	P = 0.006	P = 0.29	P = 0.0009
Time-based estimate
Walking_Time.	0.98	1.01	0.93^‡
	(0.95, 1.00)	(0.99, 1.04)	(0.88, 0.97)
Other exercise	0.98^*	0.99	0.98
	(0.96, 1.00)	(0.97, 1.01)	(0.95, 1.01)
Walking_Time vs. other exercise	P = 0.85	P = 0.10	P = 0.03
Walking_Time	0.98	1.01	0.92^‡
	(0.95, 1.00)	(0.99, 1.04)	(0.88, 0.97)
Vigorous exercise	0.97^†	0.98	0.96
	(0.95, 0.99)	(0.96, 1.01)	(0.92, 1.01)
Other moderate exercise	1.00	1.00	1.01
	(0.97, 1.03)	(0.97, 1.03)	(0.96, 1.06)
Light exercise	1.02	1.00	1.00
	(0.93, 1.13)	(0.91, 1.10)	(0.88, 1.15)
Walking_Time vs. other moderate	P = 0.29	P = 0.53	P = 0.01
Females
Distance-based estimate
Walking_Distance	0.90^§	0.94^§	0.89^§
	(0.88, 0.93)	(0.91, 0.96)	(0.85, 0.94)
Other exercise	0.98^‡	0.98^†	0.95^†
	(0.97, 0.99)	(0.97, 1.00)	(0.92, 0.98)
Walking_Distance vs. other exercise	P = 1.9×10⁻⁸	P = 0.0003	P = 0.05
Walking_Distance	0.90^§	0.94^§	0.89^§
	(0.88, 0.92)	(0.91, 0.96)	(0.84, 0.94)
Vigorous exercise	0.98^†	0.99^*	0.96^*
	(0.97, 0.99)	(0.97, 1.00)	(0.93, 1.00)
Other moderate exercise	0.98	0.99	0.94^*
	(0.96, 1.01)	(0.97, 1.01)	(0.89, 1.00)
Light exercise	0.92	0.88^†	0.81
	(0.84, 1.01)	(0.80, 0.97)	(0.62, 1.06)
Walking_Distancevs. other moderate	P = 1.1×10⁻⁶	P = 0.001	P = 0.16
Time-based estimate
Walking_Time.	0.96^§	0.97^§	0.93^§
	(0.95, 0.98)	(0.95, 0.98)	(0.90, 0.96)
Other exercise	0.98^‡	0.98^†	0.95^‡
	(0.96, 0.99)	(0.97, 0.99)	(0.92, 0.98)
Walking_Time vs. other exercise	P = 0.10	P = 0.13	P = 0.41
Walking_Time	0.96^§	0.97^§	0.93^§
	(0.95, 0.98)	(0.95, 0.98)	(0.90, 0.96)
Vigorous exercise	0.98^†	0.98^*	0.95^†
	(0.96, 0.99)	(0.97, 1.00)	(0.92, 0.99)
Other moderate exercise	0.98	0.99	0.94^*
	(0.96, 1.01)	(0.97, 1.01)	(0.89, 0.99)
Light exercise	0.92	0.88^†	0.81
	(0.84, 1.01)	(0.79, 0.97)	(0.62, 1.05)
Walking_Time vs. other moderate	P = 0.11	P = 0.14	P = 0.74

Adjusted for age, education, current smoking status, and intakes of meat, fruit, and alcohol.

Significance of the regression coefficients coded.

P<0.05;

^†

P<0.01;

^‡

P<0.001;

^§

P<0.0001;

¶ P<10⁻¹⁵,

in the model: Dependent variable = intercept+αWalking_Distance+βOther exercise+covariates, or Dependent variable = intercept+αWalking_Time+βOther exercise+covariates.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalents of energy expenditure; Walking_Distance, metabolic equivalent hr/d from walking as estimated from self-reported distance, Walking_Time, metabolic equivalent hr/d from walking as estimated from self-reported duration.