Table I.
Study | Sample | Prescription Drug Use in Pregnancy | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Authors | Publication Year | Country | Sampling Frame | Sampling Method | Year(s) of Delivery | N | Exposure Data Sourcea | % Users (% excl. vitamins/minerals) | Mean Different Drugs |
Kulaga et al. (7) | 2009 | Canada | Insurance | Population | 1998–2002 | 109 344 | Database | 56 | . |
Garriguet (17) | 2006 | Canada | National | Random | 2002–2003 | 20 738 | Survey | (27) | . |
Olesen et al. (9, 10) | 1999 | Denmark | Region | Population | 1991–1996 | 16 001/15 756 | Database | (44.2) | 2.6e |
Olesen et al. (11) | 2006 | Denmark | Region | Population | 1991–1998 | 19 874 | Database | (46.8) | 2.6e |
Malm et al. (8) | 2003 | Finland | National | Population | 1999 | 43 470 | Database | (46.2) | 2.1 |
Lacroix et al. (14) | 2000 | France | Insurance | Random | 1996 | 1 000 | Chartb | 99 | 13.6f |
Beyens et al. (18) | 2003 | France | Insurance | Random | 1996–1997 | 911 | Databasei | 91.5 | 10.9 |
Lacroix et al. (15) | 2009 | France | Insurance | Population | 2004–2005 | 10 008 | Database | 95 (93) | 11.0 |
Reimann et al. (19) | 1996 | Germany | Multi-centre | Random | 1987 | 300 | Survey + Chartc | 61 | 2.5 |
Egen-Lappe et al.(20) | 2004 | Germany | Insurance | Population | 2000–2001 | 41 293 | Database | 96.4 (85.2) | 4.0, 2.0g |
Gagne et al. (6) | 2008 | Italy | Region | Population | 2004 | 33 343 | Database | 70.3 (48.0) | 1.8e |
Bakker et al. (4) | 2006 | Netherlands | Region | Othera | 1994–2003 | 5 412 | Database | 79.1d | . |
Schirm et al. (13) | 2004 | Netherlands | Region | Othera | 1997–2001 | 7 500 | Database | 85.6 (69.2) | . |
Engeland et al. (5) | 2008 | Norway | National | Population | 2004–2006 | 106 329 | Database | 57 | 3.3e |
Rubin et al. (12) | 1993 | USA | Multi-region | Random | 1981–1987 | 2 752 | Survey | (35)h | 1.8e |
Andrade et al. (3) | 2004 | USA | Insurance | Population | 1996–2000 | 152 531 | Database | 82 (64) | 1.7g |
Riley et al. (21) | 2005 | USA | Multi-centre | Convenience | 2001–2002 | 1 626 | Chartb | (56) | 2.2, 1.9e |
The study cohort comprised women believed (on the basis of address of primary residence) to be mothers of all children born during the period.
Review of original prescription records
Chart refers to the “Mutter-pass”, a document given to expectant mothers in Germany, where prescription medications used may be recorded by the attending gynecologist, midwife, or the pregnant woman herself.
Excluding oral contraceptives.
Among women using one or more prescription medicines.
Proprietary medicines only.
Excluding vitamins and minerals
Proportion calculated from Table 4 in study report
Database of original prescriptions (not dispensed medicines)