Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 20.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011 Jul 20;20(9):895–902. doi: 10.1002/pds.2184

Table I.

Summary of studies included in the systematic review

Study Sample Prescription Drug Use in Pregnancy
Authors Publication Year Country Sampling Frame Sampling Method Year(s) of Delivery N Exposure Data Sourcea % Users (% excl. vitamins/minerals) Mean Different Drugs
Kulaga et al. (7) 2009 Canada Insurance Population 1998–2002 109 344 Database 56 .
Garriguet (17) 2006 Canada National Random 2002–2003 20 738 Survey (27) .
Olesen et al. (9, 10) 1999 Denmark Region Population 1991–1996 16 001/15 756 Database (44.2) 2.6e
Olesen et al. (11) 2006 Denmark Region Population 1991–1998 19 874 Database (46.8) 2.6e
Malm et al. (8) 2003 Finland National Population 1999 43 470 Database (46.2) 2.1
Lacroix et al. (14) 2000 France Insurance Random 1996 1 000 Chartb 99 13.6f
Beyens et al. (18) 2003 France Insurance Random 1996–1997 911 Databasei 91.5 10.9
Lacroix et al. (15) 2009 France Insurance Population 2004–2005 10 008 Database 95 (93) 11.0
Reimann et al. (19) 1996 Germany Multi-centre Random 1987 300 Survey + Chartc 61 2.5
Egen-Lappe et al.(20) 2004 Germany Insurance Population 2000–2001 41 293 Database 96.4 (85.2) 4.0, 2.0g
Gagne et al. (6) 2008 Italy Region Population 2004 33 343 Database 70.3 (48.0) 1.8e
Bakker et al. (4) 2006 Netherlands Region Othera 1994–2003 5 412 Database 79.1d .
Schirm et al. (13) 2004 Netherlands Region Othera 1997–2001 7 500 Database 85.6 (69.2) .
Engeland et al. (5) 2008 Norway National Population 2004–2006 106 329 Database 57 3.3e
Rubin et al. (12) 1993 USA Multi-region Random 1981–1987 2 752 Survey (35)h 1.8e
Andrade et al. (3) 2004 USA Insurance Population 1996–2000 152 531 Database 82 (64) 1.7g
Riley et al. (21) 2005 USA Multi-centre Convenience 2001–2002 1 626 Chartb (56) 2.2, 1.9e
a

The study cohort comprised women believed (on the basis of address of primary residence) to be mothers of all children born during the period.

b

Review of original prescription records

c

Chart refers to the “Mutter-pass”, a document given to expectant mothers in Germany, where prescription medications used may be recorded by the attending gynecologist, midwife, or the pregnant woman herself.

d

Excluding oral contraceptives.

e

Among women using one or more prescription medicines.

f

Proprietary medicines only.

g

Excluding vitamins and minerals

h

Proportion calculated from Table 4 in study report

i

Database of original prescriptions (not dispensed medicines)