Table 1.
Demographics, Substance Use Characteristics, and Task Performance among Adolescent Participants
| CON (n = 22) | BD (n = 16) | MJ (n = 8) | BD+MJ (n = 28) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | |
| Demographics and Mood | ||||
| Age (range 16 – 18) | 17.6 (0.8) | 18.1 (0.7) | 18.1 (0.9) | 18.0 (1.0) |
| % Female | 27.3 | 18.8 | 50.0 | 17.9 |
| % Caucasian | 59.1 | 56.2 | 50.0 | 60.7 |
| % Family history negative * | 86.4 | 87.5 | 62.5 | 78.6 |
| Parent annual salary (US$ thousands) | 114.5 (88.9) | 107.9 (73.4) | 86.3 (34.2) | 133.0 (134.4) |
| Vocabulary T-score † | 58.3 (8.7) | 60.6 (9.8) | 52.5 (4.7) | 59.5 (8.0) |
| Spielberger State Anxiety T-score | 37.6 (8.7) | 35.1 (4.1) | 39.5 (5.7) | 39.2 (7.1) |
| Beck Depression Inventory Total | 2.5 (3.2) | 2.2 (2.1) | 4.0 (4.2) | 3.3 (2.8) |
|
| ||||
| Substance Use Characteristics | ||||
| Lifetime drinking episodes c,e | 5.8 (8.2) | 50.1 (47.3) | 126.5 (119.8) | 209.5 (165.8) |
| Age of first drink c | 15.7 (1.2) | 15.0 (1.8) | 13.6 (2.3) | 13.5 (2.3) |
| Drinking days/month, past 3 monthsa,c,e,f | 0.2 (0.7) | 4.1 (2.3) | 3.1 (4.9) | 9.7 (5.7) |
| Drinks/occasion, past 3 monthsa,c,e,f | 0.2 (0.7) | 9.4 (4.5) | 1.3 (1.6) | 12.6 (6.5) |
| Days since last alcohol use a,c | 206.9 (203.2) | 32.4 (11.5) | 131.5 (123.4) | 25.0 (12.6) |
| % with alcohol use disorder § | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35.7 |
| Lifetime marijuana use episodesb,c,d,e | 0.6 (1.2) | 2.0 (2.9) | 426.5 (280.1) | 517.6 (451.3) |
| Age of first weekly marijuana use | - | - | 14.5 (2.5) | 14.9 (3.4) |
| Marijuana days/month, past 3 monthsb,c,d,e | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.6) | 8.4 (9.3) | 11.8 (9.3) |
| Days since last marijuana useb,c,d,e | 528.0 (257.1) | 397.3 (401.0) | 117.6 (153.9) | 43.4 (37.1) |
| % with marijuana use disorder ∞ | 0 | 0 | 50.0 | 71.4 |
| Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence ‡ | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.3 (0.8) |
| Lifetime other drug use episodes b,c,d,e | 0.0 | 1.1 | 11.9 | 9.9 |
|
| ||||
| Verbal Paired Associates Task Performance | ||||
| % correct recall during scan | 81.8 (13.1) | 80.7 (11.6) | 81.3 (14.5) | 83.7 (11.4) |
| % requiring 2nd pre-scan training | 13.6 | 31.3 | 37.5 | 10.7 |
No first-degree biological relative with alcohol or drug abuse or dependence
Based on Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence [64]
Max possible score = 10; range 0–3 in this sample [36]
Based on DSM-IV current alcohol abuse or dependence; BD+MJ different from others
Based on DSM-IV current marijuana abuse or dependence; MJ and BD+MJ different from others
CON significantly different from BD (Tukey α = .05)
CON significantly different from MJ (Tukey α = .05)
CON significantly different from BD+MJ (Tukey α = .05)
BD significantly different from MJ (Tukey α = .05)
BD significantly different from BD+MJ (Tukey α = .05)
MJ significantly different from BD+MJ (Tukey α = .05)