Table 3.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Associations with Antiretroviral Therapy Utilization Among HOPE Cohort (n=350)
| Category | Characteristics | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted ORa(95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual-level factors | |||
| Demographic | Age (per year) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | |
| Sex: male | 1.06 (0.64–1.75) | ||
| Race: non-Hispanic black | 0.66 (0.30–1.45) | ||
| Education: ≥ High school | 1.04 (0.63–1.72) | ||
| Income, monthly | |||
| <$100 | Reference | ||
| $100–599 | 1.72 (0.93–3.19) | ||
| ≥$600 | 2.45 (1.27–4.74)* | ||
| Employed | 0.31 (0.04–2.41) | ||
| Sexual preference: heterosexual | 1.02 (0.54–1.92) | ||
| Substance use | Crack use | ||
| Daily | Reference | ||
| Weekly | 0.80 (0.44–1.48) | ||
| Less than weekly | 1.17 (0.63–2.17) | ||
| Alcohol use | |||
| Daily | Reference | ||
| Less than daily | 1.00 (0.48–2.09) | ||
| None | 1.77 (0.83–3.75) | ||
| Injection drug use, ever | 0.79 (0.41–1.50) | ||
| Health status | HIV primary care: ≥2 visits in the past 6 months | 7.84 (4.28–14.35)† | 7.55 (3.80–14.99)† |
| CD4 count <200 | 0.36 (0.21–0.61)† | 0.29 (0.15–0.55)† | |
| At risk for depression | 0.51 (0.30–0.86)‡ | ||
| Interpersonal factors | Social support: high | 1.32 (0.79–2.21) | |
| HIV knowledge: high | 1.05 (0.63–1.77) | ||
| Patient-provider relationship: strong | 2.74 (1.58–4.75)† | ||
| Structural factors | Current homelessness | 0.38 (0.21–0.67)† | 0.41 (0.20–0.84)‡ |
| Drug or alcohol treatment: past 6 months | 3.11 (1.71–5.67)† | 2.29 (1.06–4.94)‡ | |
| Incarceration: past 6 months | 1.33 (0.77–2.30) | ||
| Insurance coverage: any | 1.98 (1.17–3.63)‡ | ||
| Trading sex for money | 0.47 (0.19–1.15) | ||
| Site: Miami | 3.63 (2.11–6.23)† | 2.99 (1.56–5.73)† | |
a
Age, race, and gender were forced into the multivariable model but were not significant in the final model.
*
p≤0.01.
†
p≤0.001.
‡
p≤0.05.