TABLE 1.
Examples of tumors markers and probes used in fluorescence imaging
| Tumor markers | Probes | Fluorescence and platforms | Cancers | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSMA | Antibody | PAMAM + (x6) rhodamine or (x6) FITC | Prostate | 20, 28 |
| PSMA | Aptamer | Rhodamine, QDots | LNCap | 19, 39 |
| CEA | Antibody | AlexaFluor 488; Cyanine (DY-676) | Colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, lung, breast | 21, 29 |
| HER-2 | Antibody | PAMAM + (x5) AlexaFluor 488 | Breast, ovarian carcinoma | 23, 31 |
| VEGF Receptor | Antibody | NIR-800 Licor | Brain | 30 |
| Integrin αVβ3 | RGD Peptide (c(RGDyK); RGD-4C (doubly cyclised RGD); c(RGDfK)) | Q-Dot 705; PAMAM +(x3) Alexa Fluor 488; PAMAM +(x4) FITC; RAFT +(x2) Cy5 | U87MG, brain, HUVEC, HEK293 | 26, 49, 52 |
| β-D-galactose receptor (lectin) | BSA / GSA | Rhodamine G | Ovarian and adenocarcinoma | 27 |
| MMP-2 | Chlorotoxin | Cyanine 5.5 | Glioma, neuroectoderma | 24 |
| Folate receptor | Folate | Q-Dots | Brain | 32, 33 |
| Mucine MUC1 | Aptamer | Rhodamine | MCF7 | 34 |