Table 3.

Characteristics Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency

Variable	Odds ratio for vitamin D deficiency (95% CI)	p-valuea	Adjusted odds ratio for vitamin D deficiencyb(95% CI)	p-valuec
Age, years
18–34	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
35–44	0.33 (0.18, 0.63)	<0.01	0.41 (0.20, 0.83)	0.01
45–54	0.29 (0.16, 0.54)	<0.01	0.35 (0.18, 0.71)	<0.01
≥55	0.32 (0.16, 0.61)	<0.01	0.50 (0.24, 1.06)	0.07
Black race
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	2.18 (1.49, 3.19)	<0.01	2.26 (1.45, 3.54)	<0.01
Weight
1st quartile	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
2nd quartile	0.82 (0.49, 1.37)	0.44	0.80 (0.44, 1.46)	0.47
3rd quartile	1.23 (0.73, 2.08)	0.45	1.22 (0.66, 2.27)	0.52
4th quartile	1.19 (0.70, 2.00)	0.52	1.07 (0.58, 1.97)	0.84
Current medications
MVI	0.27 (0.18, 0.40)	<0.01	0.27 (0.17, 0.42)	<0.01
Vitamin D	0.08 (0.02, 0.37)	<0.01	0.13 (0.03, 0.64)	0.01
Current CD4 T cell count, cells/mm3
>350	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
200–350	1.10 (0.69, 1.77)	0.68	0.77 (0.45, 1.33)	0.35
<200	2.23 (1.26, 3.94)	0.01	1.50 (0.76, 2.93)	0.24
Current viral load, copies/mL
<50	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
50–200	1.40 (0.67, 2.92)	0.37	1.13 (0.49, 2.60)	0.77
>200	2.79 (1.76, 4.41)	<0.01	2.97 (1.48, 5.97)	<0.01
Current antiretroviral therapy, no. (%)
None	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
EFV-based	0.79 (0.44, 1.42)	0.43	3.06 (1.32, 7.13)	0.01
PI-based	0.51 (0.30, 0.88)	0.02	1.50 (0.69, 3.29)	0.31
Other	0.44 (0.20, 0.96)	0.04	1.82 (0.65, 5.07)	0.25

^aUnivariate analysis of association with vitamin D deficiency.

^bVariables associated with vitamin D deficiency with p≤0.10 were included in multivariate logistic regression (i.e., age, black race/ethnicity, current use of MVI, current use of vitamin D supplements, current CD4 count, current viral load, current antiretroviral therapy).

^cMultivariate analysis of association with vitamin D deficiency.