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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacoeconomics. 2012 Aug 1;30(8):661–679. doi: 10.2165/11597200-000000000-00000

Table 5.

Parent-reported ASD-related symptoms in relation to HRQoL scores.

HUI-3 (n=136) QWB-SA (n=140)
N (%) Mean SD P value N (%) Mean SD P value
Language use and understanding
No Problem 21 (15) 0.84 0.09 <.01* 21 (15) 0.69 0.16 <.01*
Mild Problem 25 (18) 0.74 0.14 25 (18) 0.60 0.13
Moderate Problem 49 (36) 0.70 0.19 49 (35) 0.60 0.17
Severe Problem 41 (30) 0.51 0.25 45 (32) 0.51 0.13

Compulsive behaviors
No Problem 41 (30) 0.72 0.19 0.04 41 (29) 0.63 0.16 0.02
Mild Problem 36 (26) 0.69 0.23 36 (26) 0.58 0.13
Moderate Problem 38 (28) 0.64 0.24 39 (28) 0.58 0.15
Severe Problem 21 (15) 0.61 0.23 24 (17) 0.53 0.19

Anxiety
No Problem 29 (21) 0.72 0.23 0.01* 30 (21) 0.66 0.15 0.01*
Mild Problem 34 (25) 0.69 0.21 35 (25) 0.55 0.16
Moderate Problem 46 (34) 0.65 0.24 47 (34) 0.58 0.15
Severe Problem 27 (20) 0.63 0.19 28 (20) 0.56 0.17

Sensory issues
No Problem 28 (21) 0.70 0.25 0.03 28 (20) 0.67 0.18 0.03
Mild Problem 35 (26) 0.70 0.22 35 (25) 0.58 0.15
Moderate Problem 48 (35) 0.65 0.20 49 (35) 0.55 0.14
Severe Problem 25 (18) 0.62 0.23 28 (20) 0.56 0.14

Sleep disturbance
No Problem 63 (46) 0.71 0.22 <.01* 64 (46) 0.64 0.16 <.01*
Mild Problem 28 (21) 0.73 0.15 29 (21) 0.55 0.18
Moderate Problem 26 (19) 0.55 0.26 27 (19) 0.53 0.12
Severe Problem 19 (14) 0.61 0.20 20 (14) 0.53 0.11

Aggression
No Problem 75 (55) 0.69 0.21 0.12 75 (54) 0.61 0.17 0.03
Mild Problem 30 (22) 0.69 0.22 32 (23) 0.57 0.14
Moderate Problem 11 (8) 0.50 0.29 12 (9) 0.49 0.14
Severe Problem 20 (15) 0.66 0.22 21 (15) 0.55 0.14

Hyperactivity
No Problem 21 (15) 0.73 0.26 <.01* 23 (16) 0.59 0.21 0.03
Mild Problem 36 (26) 0.72 0.20 36 (26) 0.61 0.15
Moderate Problem 46 (34) 0.66 0.21 46 (33) 0.61 0.14
Severe Problem 33 (24) 0.59 0.23 35 (25) 0.52 0.15

Attention span
No Problem 10 (7) 0.82 0.14 <.01* 10 (7) 0.72 0.18 <.01*
Mild Problem 29 (21) 0.72 0.19 30 (21) 0.64 0.16
Moderate Problem 47 (35) 0.69 0.24 48 (34) 0.57 0.16
Severe Problem 50 (37) 0.60 0.22 52 (37) 0.55 0.14

Mood swings
No Problem 50 (37) 0.69 0.22 0.31 50 (36) 0.62 0.14 0.03
Mild Problem 43 (32) 0.66 0.24 44 (31) 0.58 0.18
Moderate Problem 28 (21) 0.65 0.22 29 (21) 0.54 0.14
Severe Problem 15 (11) 0.67 0.21 17 (12) 0.57 0.17

Eating Habits
No Problem 31 (23) 0.70 0.24 0.01* 32 (23) 0.61 0.16 0.12
Mild Problem 27 (20) 0.72 0.17 28 (20) 0.58 0.13
Moderate Problem 43 (32) 0.68 0.20 44 (31) 0.61 0.15
Severe Problem 35 (26) 0.59 0.26 36 (26) 0.54 0.18

Social interactions
No Problem 19 (14) 0.71 0.26 0.03 19 (14) 0.62 0.12 0.23
Mild Problem 25 (18) 0.67 0.26 25 (18) 0.56 0.17
Moderate Problem 52 (38) 0.68 0.21 53 (38) 0.60 0.18
Severe Problem 40 (29) 0.64 0.19 43 (31) 0.57 0.14

Self-stimulatory and repetitive behaviors
No Problem 36 (26) 0.78 0.16 <.01* 36 (26) 0.61 0.15 0.05
Mild Problem 34 (25) 0.75 0.15 34 (24) 0.63 0.15
Moderate Problem 35 (26) 0.58 0.25 36 (26) 0.54 0.16
Severe Problem 31 (23) 0.57 0.23 34 (24) 0.57 0.16

Self-injurious behavior
No Problem 89 (65) 0.71 0.21 <.01* 90 (64) 0.61 0.17 0.07
Mild Problem 23 (17) 0.61 0.25 24 (17) 0.56 0.12
Moderate Problem 12 (9) 0.57 0.20 13 (9) 0.58 0.14
Severe Problem 12 (9) 0.62 0.21 13 (9) 0.49 0.14

Has lost or seems to be losing skills that he/she previously had ¥
No Problem 103 (76) 0.70 0.21 <.01* 103 (74) 0.61 0.16 <.01*
Mild Problem 21 (16) 0.64 0.19 24 (17) 0.55 0.15
Moderate Problem 6 (4) 0.43 0.26 6 (4) 0.47 0.20
Severe Problem 5 (4) 0.49 0.26 6 (4) 0.46 0.10

HUI3 = The health utility index Mark 3

QWB-SA = The Quality of Well Being Self-Administered Scale

SD: Standard Deviation

*

Statistically significant difference among the group, adjusted using Tukey, Ciminera, and Heyse's adjustment for multiple comparisons.