Table 4. Pearson correlation coefficients of pathogen abundance within randomly sampled individual worker bees from colonies with an observable Nosema infection but no characteristics of CCD.

Pathogen pair		Correlation	Number ofco-infected bees	P-value
CBPV	ABPV	0.547	66	<0.0001*
DWV	NA	0.604	45	<0.0001*
DWV	NC	0.639	35	<0.0001*
DWV	CBPV	0.500	57	<0.0001*
SBV	ABPV	0.528	71	<0.0001*
SBV	CBPV	0.538	67	<0.0001*
DWV	BQCV	0.411	62	0.001*
NC	NA	0.482	34	0.004*
SBV	NC	0.427	42	0.005*
BQCV	NC	0.410	41	0.008*
CBPV	BQCV	0.322	63	0.010*
CBPV	NC	0.381	40	0.015*
IAPV	CBPV	0.283	69	0.018*
IAPV	ABPV	0.238	74	0.041
ABPV	NC	0.304	43	0.048
DWV	ABPV	0.248	62	0.052
BQCV	ABPV	0.219	68	0.073
SBV	DWV	0.229	62	0.074
SBV	BQCV	0.200	68	0.103
SBV	IAPV	0.168	74	0.153
BQCV	NA	0.181	49	0.214
IAPV	NA	−0.159	55	0.247
SBV	NA	0.159	53	0.257
IAPV	BQCV	0.042	71	0.731
CBPV	NA	0.039	49	0.792
IAPV	NC	−0.022	44	0.887
ABPV	NA	−0.009	55	0.950
IAPV	DWV	−0.001	65	0.991

These samples tested whether pathogen covariation occurred at the level of individual Nosema-exposed bees, outside of a CCD context. N equals the number of co-infected bees upon which the correlation is calculated for each pathogen pair, out of a total of 77 bees tested. CBPV = Chronic bee paralysis virus; ABPV = acute bee paralysis virus; DWV = deformed wing virus; SBV = sacbrood virus; BQCV = black queen cell virus; IAPV = Israeli acute paralysis virus; NC = Nosema ceranae; NA = Nosema apis. Asterisk indicates a significant comparison after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests.