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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Photochem Photobiol. 2012 Apr 24;88(6):1309–1319. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01143.x

Figure 2. Clearance of all-trans-RAL and accumulation of condensation byproduct (A2E) in RDHs and ABCA4 deficient mice.

Figure 2

(A) Clearance of all-trans-RAL was compared among 6-week old mice. After flash light exposure, eye retinoids were extracted and quantified by normal phase HPLC to evaluate effects of Rdh8, Rdh12, Abca4 genes and double or triple combinations of these genes on the clearance of all-trans-RAL from the retina. There was no difference in all-trans-RAL levels under fully dark-adapted condition between all these strains. Rdh8−/− mice displayed the most significant delay of all-trans-RAL clearance compared to other mice with only a single gene deletion. The double and triple genes deletions elongated all-trans-RAL clearance. (B) Amounts of A2E were quantified by reverse phase HPLC. Age-dependent accumulation of A2E was observed in mutant mice, and the accumulation levels were correlated with the delay of all-trans-RAL clearance. Bars indicate SD.