Table 1.

Summary of Metabolic Sequelae in Patients with Ileal Pouch—Anal Anastomosis

Study	Metabolic parameter	Prevalence	Risk factor(s) or proposed mechanism(s)
Tiainen J, Matikainen M3	Anemia	21%	Recurrent pouch bleeding Chronic pouchitis
Oikonomou IK, et al4	Anemia	17% (2% macrocytic anemia, 24% microcytic anemia, and 74% normocytic anemia)	Malignancy or desmoid tumors J-pouch configuration
Pastrana RJ, et al5	Iron deficiency	56%	Pouchitis
Coull DB, et al11	Vitamin B12 deficiency	25%	Possibilities include ileal resection, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, dietary restriction
Fiorentini MT, et al23	Bile salt and fat malabsorption	50%	Bile salt malabsorption from ileal disruption
Kuisma J, et al15	Vitamin D deficiency	10.6%	Possible villous atrophy, according to other studies
Shen B, et al34	Bone loss	32%	Advanced age, low body mass index, absence of calcium supplementation Possible vitamin D malabsorption
Mukewar S, et al43	Nephrolithiasis	37.2%	Low urine volume, pH value, citrate level, magnesium level Elevated urine oxalate level