A schematic of tongue–lip adhesion illustrating overlapping mucosal-based flaps and the posterior tongue/inferior chin buttons. (Reprinted with permission from Bartlett SP, Losee JE, Baker SB. Reconstruction: craniofacial syndromes. In: Mathes SJ, ed. Plastic Surgery. Vol. 4. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 2006: 516.)