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Model of spine elongation and shortening depending on different levels of intraspine calcium. (Upper) Release of calcium from intracellular stores of SER (gray tubules) leads to a small elevation in calcium (pink), which induces spine neck elongation. (Lower) High activation leads to excessive influx of calcium (red) that may be amplified by the release of calcium from intracellular stores. This high-calcium environment results in actin depolymerization and spine shortening or loss.
