Figure 1.

Characterization and analysis of rice mutant srl1-1. A, The leaves of srl1-1 are adaxially rolled from seedling to mature stage compared with those of wild-type plant Nipponbare (Nip). 1, 14-d-old seedlings, bar = 1 cm; 2, 30-d-old plants, bar = 10 cm; 3, mature plants, bar = 10 cm; 4, section of the second leaf from top of mature plants, bar = 1 mm. B, LRIs of srl1-1, srl1-2, and the corresponding wild-type (ZH11 represents the wild type for srl1-2) leaves at different developmental stages (the seventh leaf of 50-d-old plants and the top three leaves of mature plants 7 d after flowering). Error bars represent sd (n > 30). C, Cross sections of leaf blades in Nip (left section) and srl1-1 (right section) showed significantly increased bulliform cells between vascular bundles in srl1-1 (the third leaf blades of 14-d-old seedlings). Bars = 100 μm. D, Toluidine blue O staining of the cells between small vascular bundle and midrib of Nip and srl1-1 (the third leaf of 14-d-old seedlings). Bulliform cells and epidermal cells were stained in purple and blue, respectively. Bars = 50 μm. E, Cross sections of leaf blades of Nip (top section) and srl1-1 (bottom section) showed significantly increased bulliform cells between vascular bundles (midrib, small vein, and large vein) in srl1-1 (the 10th leaf blades of 60-d-old mature plants). Bars = 100 μm. F, Statistical analysis of the number of bulliform cells (red brackets) and the total number of epidermal cells and bulliform cells (blue bracket) between two small vascular bundles abutting the midrib in the third leaf of 14-d-old seedlings by two-tailed Student’s t test (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01) revealed the significantly increased numbers of bulliform cells in srl1-1 and srl1-2 leaves, whereas the total numbers of epidermal cells and bulliform cells were not significantly different from the wild type. Error bar represents sd (n > 10).