CopR regulates directly copMRS and copBAC promoters. A, Primer extension of copMRS and pcopMRS transcripts from wild-type cells grown in BG11C-Cu medium and exposed to copper 3 μm for 1 h. Sequencing ladders generated with the same oligonucleotide used for primer extension is also shown. B, Primer extension of copBAC transcript from wild-type cells grown in BG11C-Cu medium and exposed to copper 3 μm for 1 h. Sequencing ladders generated with the same oligonucleotide used for primer extension is also shown. C, Sequences of the copMRS and copBAC promoters. Transcriptional start sites are marked with an arrow and direct repeated sequences are underlined. D, Band-shift assay of the copMRS promoter region with increasing quantities GST-CopRΔN. E, Band-shift assay of the copBAC promoter region with increasing quantities GST-CopRΔN.