Table 2.
Group averaged data for mean blood pressure, somatosensory evoked potentials, P1 latencies, evoked flow velocity responses and resting LDF signal at different time points of the experiment
| Baseline | 30 min | 60 min | 120 min | 180 min | 240 min | 270 min | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean BP (mmHg) |
SHAM |
116 ± 20 |
120 ± 12 |
108 ± 20 |
113 ± 14 |
114 ± 19 |
108 ± 20 |
108 ± 20 |
| Mean BP (mmHg) |
VGX |
115 ± 13 |
110 ± 13 |
112 ± 19 |
109 ± 14 |
110 ± 17 |
115 ± 22 |
115 ± 22 |
| Mean BP (mmHg) |
VGX + STIM |
109 ± 10 |
99 ± 14 |
103 ± 18 |
100 ± 23 |
104 ± 29 |
93 ± 21 |
93 ± 21 |
| Mean BP (mmHg) |
SHAM LPS |
123 ± 11 |
118 ± 14 |
106 ± 15** |
104 ± 10** |
90 ± 12s |
90 ± 18s |
90 ± 18s |
| Mean BP (mmHg) |
VGX LPS |
117 ± 9 |
109 ± 17 |
91 ± 17s |
94 ± 18*** |
101 ± 13* |
97 ± 10** |
97 ± 10** |
| Mean BP (mmHg) |
VGX LPS + STIM |
119 ± 13 |
114 ± 12 |
94 ± 17* |
92 ± 7*** |
86 ± 20 s |
90 ± 14*** |
90 ± 14*** |
| SEP (μV) |
SHAM |
13 ± 7 |
15 ± 6 |
14 ± 4 |
15 ± 5 |
14 ± 5 |
15 ± 5 |
14 ± 5 |
| SEP (μV) |
VGX |
15 ± 9 |
15 ± 8 |
16 ± 9 |
16 ± 9 |
15 ± 6 |
15 ± 6 |
16 ± 8 |
| SEP (μV) |
VGX + STIM |
15 ± 9 |
13 ± 4 |
14 ± 4 |
12 ± 5 |
11 ± 5 |
13 ± 3 |
15 ± 8 |
| SEP (μV) |
SHAM LPS |
17 ± 5 |
16 ± 6 |
15 ± 6 |
12 ± 6 |
11 ± 5 |
11 ± 4** |
10 ± 6** |
| SEP (μV) |
VGX LPS |
18 ± 6 |
15 ± 4 |
14 ± 5 |
12 ± 4** |
11 ± 7** |
10 ± 5** |
8 ± 5*** |
| SEP (μV) |
VGX LPS + STIM |
18 ± 8 |
18 ± 9 |
19 ± 9 |
16 ± 5 |
16 ± 5 |
14 ± 4 |
15 ± 7 |
| P1 latency (ms) |
SHAM |
10.8 ± 1 |
11.1 ± 1 |
11.2 ± 1 |
11.1 ± 1 |
11.3 ± 1 |
11.4 ± 1 |
11.7 ± 2 |
| P1 latency (ms) |
VGX |
10 ± 0.6 |
10 ± 0.5 |
10 ± 0.6 |
10 ± 0.4 |
10 ± 0.4 |
10 ± 0.4 |
10.1 ± 0.5 |
| P1 latency (ms) |
VGX + STIM |
10.2 ± 1 |
10.4 ± 1 |
10.5 ± 1 |
10.3 ± 1 |
10 ± 0.7 |
10 ± 0.7 |
10 ± 0.9 |
| P1 latency (ms) |
SHAM LPS |
10 ± 0.5 |
10 ± 0.6 |
10 ± 0.5 |
10 ± 0.6 |
10 ± 0.6 |
10.3 ± 0.7 |
10.4 ± 1 |
| P1 latency (ms) |
VGX LPS |
10 ± 0.8 |
10.4 ± 1 |
10.4 ± 0.8 |
10.6 ± 0.4 |
10.6 ± 0.7 |
11 ± 0.9 |
11 ± 1 |
| P1 latency (ms) |
VGX LPS + STIM |
10 ± 0.4 |
10 ± 0.3 |
10 ± 0.3 |
10 ± 0.3 |
10 ± 0.4 |
10.2 ± 0.4 |
10 ± 0.4 |
| EFVR (%) |
SHAM |
34 ± 10 |
26 ± 7 |
30 ± 11 |
31 ± 15 |
29 ± 14 |
31 ± 12 |
28 ± 7 |
| EFVR (%) |
VGX |
23 ± 13 |
23 ± 15 |
21 ± 11 |
24 ± 15 |
24 ± 6 |
23 ± 7 |
24 ± 11 |
| EFVR (%) |
VGX + STIM |
33 ± 13 |
35 ± 18 |
36 ± 13 |
29 ± 17 |
31 ± 18 |
32 ± 25 |
38 ± 14 |
| EFVR (%) |
SHAM LPS |
27 ± 11 |
29 ± 11 |
26 ± 8 |
18 ± 10 |
18 ± 16 |
14 ± 11* |
12 ± 8* |
| EFVR (%) |
VGX LPS |
34 ± 9 |
36 ± 7 |
26 ± 5 |
19 ± 9** |
17 ± 16** |
7 ± 5s |
7 ± 4s |
| EFVR (%) |
VGX LPS + STIM |
34 ± 8 |
35 ± 11 |
32 ± 9 |
31 ± 13 |
28 ± 12 |
29 ± 13 |
28 ± 13 |
| Resting LDF (U) |
SHAM |
163 ± 66 |
152 ± 71 |
140 ± 62 |
145 ± 82 |
142 ± 75 |
145 ± 71 |
139 ± 72 |
| Resting LDF (U) |
VGX |
233 ± 78 |
219 ± 106 |
211 ± 88 |
199 ± 84 |
203 ± 101 |
213 ± 111 |
201 ± 107 |
| Resting LDF (U) |
VGX + STIM |
224 ± 92 |
231 ± 75 |
232 ± 60 |
239 ± 30 |
193 ± 33 |
196 ± 49 |
186 ± 57 |
| Resting LDF (U) |
SHAM LPS |
202 ± 56 |
198 ± 64 |
186 ± 64 |
189 ± 72 |
204 ± 96 |
215 ± 104 |
250 ± 105 |
| Resting LDF (U) |
VGX LPS |
160 ± 70 |
141 ± 58 |
151 ± 62 |
157 ± 57 |
192 ± 60 |
198 ± 67 |
196 ± 59 |
| Resting LDF (U) | VGX LPS + STIM | 173 ± 68 | 165 ± 69 | 177 ± 69 | 185 ± 65 | 227 ± 35 | 231 ± 56 | 227 ± 52 |
Data are given as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) together with statistical differences. Significance is given as: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; s, P < 0.0001 compared to baseline. BP, blood pressure; EFVR, evoked flow velocity responses; LDF, laser Doppler flowmetry; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SEP, somatosensory evoked potentials; SHAM, sham surgery; VGX, bilateral vagotomy; VGX + STIM, bilateral vagotomy and distal vagus nerve stimulation.