Table 2.
Annual per capita costs (€) and estimated excess costs (€) adjusted for age and gender
| Service component | Cost per dementia patient (n = 9,147) | Cost per non-demented control subject (n = 29,741) | Excess expenditures** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Approach 1 one-step model |
Costs of formal care * [95%-CI] |
12,343 [12,126; 12,572] |
4,034 [3,957; 4,109] |
8,309 [8,081; 8,552] |
| |
Health insurance expenditures* |
5,813 |
3,256 |
2,557 |
| |
Medication |
1,312 |
671 |
641 |
| |
including anti-dementia drugs (two-step) |
119 |
0 |
119 |
| |
General practitioner |
641 |
367 |
274 |
|
Approach 2 two-step-model |
Medical specialist |
432 |
429 |
3 |
| |
Hospital treatment |
2,237 |
1,325 |
912 |
| |
Non-physician services |
199 |
83 |
116 |
| |
Medical aids |
339 |
106 |
233 |
| |
Home health care |
361 |
138 |
223 |
| |
Rehabilitation |
164 |
150 |
14 |
| Long-term care services | 6,353 | 797 | 5,556 |
Data are means based on recycled predictions with dementia as the coefficient of interest.
The 95% confidence interval is based on 1,000 nonparametric bootstrap replications.
* Results of model estimation; the addition of mean costs per category yields slightly different figures.
** Defined as the difference of estimated means within both subgroups.