Table 4.
Bivariate relationships between knowledge of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and other Health
| Knowledge score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vietnamese | Hmong | Korean | Cambodian | ||
| (N=653) | (N=260) | (N=493) | (N=329) | ||
| Demographics/Background | Gender** | ||||
| Male | 4.0 + 1.5 | 3.6 ± 1.6* | 4.5 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 1.4* | |
| Female | 4.0 + 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | |
| Age (ANOVA - GLM)** | |||||
| 18–29 | 4.6 + 1.3* | 3.8 ± 1.6* | 4.9 ± 1.2* | 4.7 ± 1.4* | |
| 30–49 | 3.9 + 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | |
| 50–64 | 4.0 + 1.5 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.4 | |
| Years in US** | |||||
| ≤10 years | 4.0 + 1.4 | 3.2 + 1.7 | 4.6 ± 1.3* | 3.8 ± 1.3 | |
| >10 years, US born | 4.0 + 1.5 | 3.4 + 1.7 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.3 ± 1.4* | |
| Marital Status | |||||
| Married/Living as married | 4.0 + 1.5 | 3.3 + 1.7 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | |
| Other | 4.1 + 1.6 | 3.5 + 1.7 | 4.7 ± 1.4* | 4.2 ± 1.5 | |
| Education** | |||||
| High | 4.3 ± 1.4* | 3.8 ± 1.6* | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 1.4* | |
| Low | 3.8 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | |
| Annual household income | |||||
| High | 4.3 ± 1.4* | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 1.4* | |
| Low | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | |
| Employment | |||||
| Employed | 4.0 + 1.4 | 3.4 ± 1.5 | - | 4.2 ± 1.3 | |
| Unemployed | 3.9 + 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | - | 4.3 ± 1.4 | |
| English fluency (ANOVA - GLM)** | |||||
| Fluently/Well | 4.3 ± 1.5* | 4.2 ± 1.4* | 4.6 ± 1.2* | 4.9 ± 1.3* | |
| So-so | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | |
| Poorly/Not at all | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | |
| Health insurance** | |||||
| Yes | 4.0 + 1.5 | 3.3 + 1.7 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | |
| No/DK/RF | 4.1 + 1.6 | 3.8 ± 1.8 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | |
| Saw a doctor in past 12 months** | |||||
| Yes | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.4 | |
| No/DK/RF | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | |
| Family History of HepB | |||||
| Yes | 4.4 ± 1.3* | - | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 4.1 ± 1.6 | |
| No/DK/RF | 4.0 ± 1.5 | - | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.4 | |
| Awareness | Heard of HBV | ||||
| Yes | 4.2 ± 1.4* | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 1.3* | |
| No/DK/RF | 3.5 ± 1.6 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 4.2 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | |
| Perceived susceptibility | Likely to get HB during lifetime | ||||
| High | 4.3 ± 1.3* | - | 4.6 ± 1.2* | - | |
| Low | 3.8 ± 1.6 | - | 4.2 ± 1.5 | - | |
| Group most likely to be infected | |||||
| Respondent’s ethnic group | - | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 1.1* | 4.4 ± 1.4 | |
| Other/DK | - | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | |
| Perceived severity | Can be infected for life | ||||
| Yes | 4.4 ± 1.4* | - | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 4.5 ± 1.1* | |
| No/DK/RF | 3.7 ± 1.5 | - | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | |
| HBV can cause liver cancer | |||||
| Yes | 4.2 ± 1.4* | 3.9 ± 1.4* | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 1.2* | |
| No/DK/RF | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | |
| HBV can be treated | |||||
| No | 4.5 ± 1.6* | - | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.3* | |
| Yes/DK/RF | 3.9 ± 1.5 | - | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.4 | |
| Stigma | People avoid people with HBV | ||||
| Yes | 4.3 ± 1.3* | 3.7 ± 1.6* | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 1.2* | |
| No/DK/RF | 3.8 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 3.9 ± 1.6 | |
| Testing efficacy | Testing can prevent liver problems | ||||
| Yes | - | 3.6 ± 1.6* | 4.5 ± 1.3* | - | |
| No/DK/RF | - | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | - | |
*
Within each group, knowledge scores were significantly different p<0.05) and the highest knowledge score is bolded.
**
these factors were controlled for in the multivariate analysis (data not shown)
- not assessed