. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 22.

Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2011 Mar 21;140(7):1927–1933. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.03.012

Table 1.

Threshold Volumes (mL ± Standard Error) to Trigger PGCR, PUCR, RPS, HPSV, and Volume at Which Laryngeal Penetration Was Observed in Nonsmokers (Before and After Pharyngeal Anesthesia) and in Chronic Smokers

	PGCR	PUCR	RPS	HPSV	Laryngeal penetration
Nonsmokers
Before pharyngeal anesthesia	0.20 ± 0.02^a	0.27 ± 0.04^b	0.71 ± 0.07^c	N/A	Not observed
After pharyngeal anesthesia	0.21 ± 0.03^a	Absent	Absent	0.61 ± 0.06^c,d	Observed
Smokers	0.24 ± 0.08^a	0.31 ± 0.04^b	Absent	0.76 ± 0.06^c,d	Observed
P value	.6^a	.1^b	.2^c	.1^d

NOTE. P-values comparing “a”, “b” and “b”, “c” and “c”, and “d” and “d”.