Major purine-converting pathways in cell-free serum. Scheme highlights the potential exchange activities of circulating adenine nucleotides and adenosine and additionally outlines further conversion of adenosine-derived inosine into hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid. The following soluble purinergic activities have been identified: nucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase (NPP), NTPDase1/CD39, 5′-nucleotidase/CD73 (5NT), adenylate kinase-1 (AK1), NDP kinase (NDPK), and adenosine deaminase (ADA).