Table 1.
Basic study design characteristics of the studies investigated the effect of vitamin C and/or vitamin E supplementation on training adaptations.
| Study | Species | Number, sex, and age per group | Training state | Vitamin supplementation | Exercise protocol |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asha Devi et al. [29, 30] | Rat | 3 M (4, 8, 12, 22 m) | Untrained | Vit E (50 IU/kg bw/day) | Swimming (30 min, 5 sessions/week for 8.5 weeks) |
| Gomez-Cabrera et al. [9] | Human | 5 M (29 y) or 9 M (31 y) | Untrained | Vit C (1000 mg/day) | Cycling (65−80% VO2 max, 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks) |
| Gomez-Cabrera et al. [9] | Rat | 6 M (3 m) | Untrained | Vit C (500 mg/kg bw/day) | Running (75% VO2 max, 5 sessions/week for 3 or 6 weeks) |
| Higashida et al. [11] | Rat | 3 M (3 m) or 6 M (3 m) | Untrained | Vit C (750 mg/kg bw/day) and vit E (150 mg/kg bw/day) | Swimming (6 h, 6 sessions/week for 3 days or 3 weeks) |
| Ristow et al. [10] | Human | 10 M (26 y) | Untrained or moderately trained | Vit C (1000 mg/day) and vit E (400 IU/day) | Circuit training (65 min, 5 sessions/week for 4 weeks) |
| Roberts et al. [12] | Human | 7 M (23) or 8 M (21) | Moderately trained | Vit C (1000 mg/day) | Interval running (50−90% VO2 max, 50 min, 4 sessions/week for 4 weeks) |
| Ryan et al. [13] | Rat | 7 M (3 or 30 m) | Untrained | Vit C (20 g/kg bw/day) and vit E (30 g/kg bw/day) | Maximal stretch-shortening contractions (80 contractions, 3 sessions/week for 4.5 weeks) |
| Theodorou et al. [14] | Human | 14 M (26 y) | Moderately trained | Vit C (1000 mg/day) and vit E (400 IU/day) | Resistance training (75 maximal eccentric actions, 2 sessions/week for 4 months) |
| Yfanti et al. [15–17] | Human | 10 M (31 y) or 11 M (29 y) | Moderately trained | Vit C (500 mg/day) and vit E (400 IU/day) | Cycling (40−85% VO2 max, 5 sessions/week for 12 weeks) |
Abbreviation: m: months; M: males; y: years.